Behavior Flashcards
What do social psychologists study?
How people think about, influence, and relate to one another
Fundamental attribution error
when analyzing others’ behavior underestimate the impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of a personal trait
Spontaneous inference
Automatic interference of a trait after exposure to behavior
Automatic/implicit attitudes
gut-level response
When do attitudes predict behavior?
When social influences on behavior are minimal
Deliberate/explicit attitudes
carefully considered response
Foot in the door technique
Starts with a small request that someone is likely to agree to
→ once they have said yes to something small, they are likely to say yes to a larger request
Conformity
Acting or thinking differently from the way you would act and think if you were alone
What are some factors influencing obedience?
Victim’s distance
Closeness and legitimacy of authority
Group Influence
Obedience
Conformity to an authority
Social loafing
Tendency for people to exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal than when they are individually accountable
Deindividualization
Loss of self-awareness and evaluation apprehension
Group polarization
Group discussion often strengthens members initial inclinations
Groupthink
Tendency of group members to think alike and sacrifice critical thinking to promote group harmony
How to prevent groupthink
→ impartial leader
→ avoid confirmation bias
→ bring in outside members
Prejudice
Negative feeling toward an individual based on their membership in a group
Stereotypes
Beliefs that associate groups of people with certain traits
Discrimination
Unequal treatment of people based on their group membership
When are people most likely to help?
Number of bystanders
Noticing
Interpreting
Belief in A just world
People get what they deserve and deserve what they get.
Superordinate goals
Working together for a common goal
Diffusion of Responsibility
we feel less responsible when others are around to share the burden
Bystander effect
The greater the number of bystanders, the less likely someone is to get help
Superego
the moral compass
Ego
reality principle
Id
pleasure principle
psychoanalytic theory
(iceberg theory)
Id - pleasure principle
Ego - reality principle
Superego - the moral compass
Humanistic Psychology
emphasis on the ways people strive for self-determination and self-realization
Carl Rodgers’ Person-Centered Theory
people are basically good
reciprocal determinism
behavior, cognition, and environments interact
How do we maintain a positive self image?
Self concept
Self esteem
Self Efficacy
spotlight effect
we think others are paying more attention than they are
-> barry manilow study
Biopsychosocial perspective
holistic approach; many factors influence the development of mental illness
•Each factor provides suggestions for treatment
Treatment
a procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into more normal behavior
Humanistic Therapy
Give clients insight into current behavior – focus on the present
Exposure Therapy
behavioral technique that involves exposing people in real or imaginary situations to things they fear or avoid (systematic desensitization)
Aversive conditioning
associate an unpleasant state with unwanted behavior
Operant conditioning
Use of reinforcement or punishment to develop/increase a desired behavior or eliminate/decrease an undesired behavior
Cognitive Therapy
Address interpretations/maladaptive thoughts that underlie problematic behaviors and shift to more constructive ways of thinking
Cognitive-Behavior Therapy
Integrative therapy that makes people aware of their maladaptive thoughts and addresses their problematic behaviors
Guilt
When we feel bad for doing something wrong
Learned Helplessness
resignation an animal/person learned when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
Internal Loss of Control
perception that fate is in one’s own hands
External Loss of Control
perception that chance or outside forces control one’s fate
Criteria for Disorder: The 4 D’s
Deviance
Distress
Dysfunction
Danger
What is DSM and what does it do?
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
A guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders
How effective is therapy?
75% of people who enter psychotherapy show benefit from it
What is GAD?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Unpredictable episodes of intense dread
What is PTSD?
haunting memories, nightmares, and flashbacks to a traumatic event
What are some treatments for Anxiety disorders?
Relaxtion/Meditation
Behavior therapy
Persistent Depressive Disorder
mildly depressed mood for 2 or more years
Bipolar Disorder
A disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness of depression and the overexcited state of mania
