Beginning Physical 1 & 2 Flashcards
Vital signs:
- Temperature
- Blood Pressure
- Respiration
- O2 saturation
- Pulse
- Pain
Different ways to take temperature
- Oral–37 Celsius or 98.6 F
- Tympani–37.8 C or 100.0 F
- Rectal–37.4-37.5 C or 99.3-99.4 F
- Axillary–36.4 C or 97.6 F
Fever or Pyrexia:
-elevated body temperature
Hyperpyrexia
- extreme elevation
- —above 41.1 C or 106 F
Febrile:
Greater than 100.4 F or 38 C
Afebrile
-without fever
Hypothermia
- abnormally low temperature
- below 35 C or 95 C
Pulse scale:
- 4+ bounding, aneurysmal
- 3+ Full, increased
- 2+ expected
- 1+ Diminished, barely pappable
- 0 Absent, not palpable
Eupnea
-normal breathing–12-20 breaths per minute
Tachypnea:
greater than 20
- –fever, exertion, acidosis, anxiety, fear, CO poisoning
- -same as hyperpnea
Bradypnea:
less than 12
–athletic training, hyperthermia, depressant, medications/drugs
Hyperventilation
-more than 20 per minute with deep inspirations
Hypertension:
-three readings that are high in three different days
Pre-hypertension
-120-139/ 80-90
Stage 1 hypertension:
-140-59/ 90-99
Stage 2 hypertension
->160/ >100
Inches to centimeters conversion
-2.54 cm= 1 inch
Pounds to kilogram conversion
-2.2 lbs= 1 kg
Head circumference
- measure from birth to 24 months
- centimeters
standard precautions
- set of procedures designed by CDC to prevent spread of known and unknown sources of infection
- applies to all patients regardless of diagnosis
Head to toe approach
- General assessments
- VS
- Integumentary
- HEENT
- Neck & lymphatics
- Respiratory
- Cardiovascular
- Abdominal
- Musculoskeletal
- Neurological
- Breast
- Female genitalia
- Male genitalia and rectum
6 positions to know
- supine
- prone
- dorsal recumbant
- lateral recumbant
- lithotomy
- sims
Supine
-lies on back, drape chest to knees or toes
Prone
-stomach, cover torso
Dorsal recumbant
-genital or rectal areas, supine, knees bent, and feet on table
Lateral recumbant
-heart sounds, side lying, legs extended or flexed
Lithotomy
pelvic, like dorsal recumbant, but legs in stirrup
Sims
-for rectum or temps. lateral recumbant, top leg flexed at hip and knee, bottom leg flexed slightly
4 examination techniques
- inspection
- palpation
- percussion
- auscultation
Inspection
- observation
- game
- detail in notes
Palpation
- palmer surface of fingers and finger pads
- ulnar surface of hand
- dorsal surface of hand
- light (1 cm) to deep ( 4 cm)
