Beginning of Life Flashcards
1
Q
Personhood
A
- Autonomy of individual/couple
- Non-maleficence of newborn
2
Q
Potential child welfare
A
- Human Fertilisaton Embryology Act 1990 (updated 2008)
- Treatment conditional to predicted wellbeing/welfare of potential child
- Fostering and adoption criteria
3
Q
Contraception
A
Fertilisation is a choice due to large range of contraception available
4
Q
Artificial reproduction techniques
A
- Artificial insemination
- IVF
- ICSI
- Preimplantation genetic testing
- Gamete/embryo donation
- Surrogacy
- Artificial gametes
- Reproductive cloning
5
Q
Infertility
A
- Medical/social infertility
- Treatment: artificial reproduction
6
Q
Pre-implantation genetic screening/diagnosis
A
- Prevention of inherited disorders/future anomalies
7
Q
Fertility preservation
A
Future infertility due to:
- Treatments e.g. chemo
- Age-related
More reproductive control but financial impact
8
Q
Sex selection
A
Primarily: family balancing
- Creates gender ratio imbalance
- Undermine women (in some countries)
- Against unconditional parental love
9
Q
“Designer babies”
A
Seeking disability
e.g. deafness, achondroplasia
10
Q
Reproductive industry
A
- Commercialisation/tourism
- Source gametes/surrogates
- Potential for new opportunity/exploitation
11
Q
Arguments for abortion
A
- Acknowledges sexual/reproductive rights of women
- Unwanted pregnancy can cause physical/mental harm
- Safe abortion saves lives globally
- Potential human is not a child
12
Q
Arguments against abortion
A
- Denial of rights of embryo/foetus
- Eliminating the potential for life
- Contraception as an alternative
13
Q
Neonatal care of prematurity
A
- Common complication of pregnancy
- 24 weeks: age of viability but serious disability risk
- Difficult decision for resuscitation of 23rd week
14
Q
Pre-natal screening
A
- Triple Test in Scotland
- Non-invasive prenatal screening
- Progress to diagnostic tests (CVS, amniocentesis): Which conditions? Who to test? Terminate pregnancy or just obtain knowledge?
15
Q
Triple test
A
- Chromosomal abnormalities: Down’s, Edward’s, Patau’s trisomies
- AFP, Estrio, beta hCG
16
Q
Moral status of embryo
A
- Up to 14 days after fertilisation (primitive streak appears)
17
Q
Maternal vs foetal interest
A
Maternal autonomy vs foetal status
- Foetal therapy/surgery (risk to both parties)
- Delivery for foetal interest
- Delivery for maternal interest
- Competence for informed consent
