Beginning Flashcards
Cases of new events?
Incidence
Prevention programmes effectiveness can be detected using?
Incidence rates
What type of value is prevalance?
Proportion not rate
What type of value in incidence?
Rate of cases per person per year
Limits of incidence?
Doesn’t show you the burden in community
IR and mortality rates enable…?
Comparison of different pop to see if individuals are at higher risk, despite difference to the pops and length of observation
What are prevalence rates needed for?
Need for services in community or population
What is point prevalence?
sufferer / # at risk
Does prevalence have a time element?
No
Systematic variation?
See the risk between people in order to work out causes of disease to help prevent and treat
IRR equation?
Rate (exposed) /Rate (unexposed)
Uses of IRR?
Compare 2 groups of different exposure levels to determine causality
How would an IRR indicate that an exposure is linked to disease?
Number is greater than 1.
Rate exposed > unexposed
MRR?
Mortality Rate Ratio is Rate A/Rate B
Determines effectiveness of treatments
Absolute risk shown by?
Rate
Relative risk shown by?
Ratio - no units
Why is point prevalance important?
See how many people at risk. Can plan resources
Nuisance variation?
Counfounders.
Variation that can be determinants of health hence hide the true causal effects.
Age and sex are strong cofounders as older people usually have higher rates.
Why is age a bad thing when it comes to con founders?
Age is non-modifiable hence a serious confounded and gets in the way of useful, modifiable characteristics
How are cofounders adjusted for?
Age-sex standardisation
What is Age-Sex standardised mortality rate?
SMR
Adjustments used by comparing the level of mortality observed / expected
Define census?
Simultaneous collection of demographic data by government at a particular time to all persons living in a particular territory
Census are used for?
Population Health Transport Housing Employment Ethnic groups
How’s does the census affect NHS?
Allows to plan and allocate services effectively,
ie lots of potential mothers hence make more nurseries