Beginner Flashcards
이다
To Be
있다
To Be/Have/Exist
A/V-(스)ㅂ니다
Present tense (Formal)
A/V-아/어요
Present Tense (Polite)
A/V-있/었어요
Past tense (Polite)
V-(으)ㄹ 거예요
Future tense (polite)
V-고 있다
Progressive tense (currently undertaking task)
A/V-았/었었어요
Past perfect tense (is not currently happening) (polite)
-아니다
Not
없다
To not have/be/exist
안 A/V-아/어요 (A/V-지 않다)
Don’t/not/aren’t
못 V-아/어요 (V-지 못하다)
Can’t
N이/가
Subject Particle
N은/는
Topic Particle
N을/를
Object Particle
N와/과
And
N(이)랑
And
N하고
And/with
N의
Possession Particle
N에
Location/Time particle
N에서
Location particle (non-movement verbs)
N-에사 N-까지
-to -from (location)
N-부터 N-까지
-to -from (time)
N에게/한테
(Gives) to (living things)
N도¹
Also/too
N만
Only/just
N밖에
Only/nothing but
N(으)로¹
To/toward
N(이)나¹
As many as/no less than
N쯤
About/around
N처럼/같이
Like (simile)
N보다
Comparison (more - than/-er than)
N(이)나²
Or
N마다
(Once) Every
A/V-고
And
V-거나
Or/either
A/V-지만
But
A-(으)ㄴ데¹
But (Adjectives)
V-는데¹
But (Verbs)
N 전에/V-기 전에
Ago/before
N 후에/V-(으)ㄴ 후에
After/later/in
V-고 나서
After finishing/and then
V-아/어서
And/in order to
N 때 / A/V-(으)ㄹ 때
When/during
V-(으)면서
While
N 중 / V-는 중
Currently doing/in the middle/process of
V-자마자
As soon as/right after
N 동안 / V-는 동안
During/while
V-(으)ㄴ 지
Since (usually used with 되다/넘다)
V-(으)ㄹ 수 있다
Can (ability)
V-(으)ㄹ 수 없다
Can’t (ability)
V-(으)ㄹ 줄 알다
Knows how to
V-(으)ㄹ 줄 모르다
Don’t know how to
V-(으)세요
Please -
V-지 마세요
Please don’t -
A/V-아/어야 되다/히다
I have to/must
A/V-아/어도 되다
May I
A/V-(으)면 안 되다
May not
안 A/V 아/어도 (A/V-지 않아도) 되다
It’s not necessary to-
V-고 싶다
Want to-
A/V-았/었으면 좋겠다
I wish- (unfulfilled)
A/V-아/어서
So
A/V-(으)니까
Because
N 때문에, A/V-기 때문에
Because (literal)
V-아/어 주세요
Please
V-아/어 주시겠어요?
Would you please?
V-아/어 드리세요
Please (high polite)
V-아/어 줄게요
Let me
V-아/어 줄까요?
Can I help with-?
V-아/어 드릴게요
Allow me (high polite)
V-아/어 드릴까요?
Can I help with-?
V-아/어 보다
Try
V-(으)ㄴ 적이 있다/없다
I have/haven’t tried
V-(으)ㄹ까요?
Shall we? (Asking for opinion)
V-(으)ㅂ시다
Let’s- (suggestion)
V-(으)시겠어요?
Would you like to-? (High polite)
V-(으)ㄹ래요?
How about-?
A/V-겠어요
I plan to-
V-(으)ㄹ게요
I will-
V-(으)ㄹ래요
I will-
A-(으)ㄴ데 V-는데
So (1st clause is context)
V-(으)니까²
-only to discover-
V-(으)러 가다/오다
In order to
V-(으)려고
So that
V-(으)려고 하다
Plan/intend to
N을/를 위해서 (V-기 위해서)
For the sake of
V-기로 하다
I promised
A/V-(으)면
When
V-(으)려면
If you want to
A/V-아/어도
Regardless
A/V-겠어요
Appears to be
A/V-(으)ㄹ 거예요
Will/think
A/V-(으)ㄹ 끼요?
Do you think-?
A-(으)ㄴ/V-는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다
Looks like/appears that
A-(으)ㄴ V-는/(으)ㄹ
Adj/Verb to Noun modifier
A/V-기
-ing
A-게
-ly (in a … manner)
A-아/어하다
Seems
V-고 있다
Is (wear)ing
V-아/어 있다
Is -ed/-ing
A-아/어지다
Become/turn
V-게 되다
Became/came to be
A-(으)ㄴ지 V-는지
Who/what/when/why/where/how
V-는 데 걸리다/들다
Takes/requires … to
A/V-지요?
Isn’t/aren’t/doesn’t
A-군요 V-는군요
I can see that/indeed
A/V-네요
Really/certainly/wow
A-(으)ㄴ가요? V-나요?
Do/were you/was it/is there?
A-(으)ㄴ데요 V-는데요
Well I think (in my case)
하고/라고 하다 (해요/래요)
Direct quoted speech
다고/라고 하다 (대요/래요)
Present declarative quotation
다고 하다 (대요)
Past declarative quotation
라고 하다 (래요)
Future declarative quotation
냐고 하다 (냬요)
Interrogative quotation
지고 하다 (재요)
Suggestive quotation
라고 하다 (래요)
Imperative quotation