Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Hacker Roadmap > Beginner > Flashcards

Beginner Flashcards

1
Q

BIOS Boot Sequence (7 steps)

A
  • When you turn on your computer, the BIOS performs a self-test to check if the hardware is working properly.
  • BIOS initializes hardware devices like CPU, memory, and peripherals.
  • BIOS selects a boot device, usually the internal hard drive, to load the operating system from.
  • It reads the boot loader, a small program that starts the operating system.
  • The boot loader displays the boot menu if there are multiple operating systems installed.
  • The operating system is loaded into memory and takes over control from the BIOS.
  • The operating system initializes drivers, services, and sets up the user interface for you to start using your computer.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Enable/disable devices in BIOS (4 steps)

A
  • Enter the BIOS setup by pressing a specific key during startup (commonly Del, F2, or F10).
  • Navigate to the “Device Configuration” or similar section.
  • Use the arrow keys to select a device and press Enter to enable or disable it.
  • Save and exit the BIOS setup to apply the changes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Changing Date / Time (4 steps)

A
  • Enter the BIOS setup by pressing a specific key during startup (commonly Del, F2, or F10).
  • Locate the “Date and Time” or similar section.
  • Use the arrow keys to modify the date and time values.
  • Save and exit the BIOS setup to apply the changes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are CMOS batteries

A

CMOS batteries are small, round batteries found on the computer’s motherboard that provide power to the CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) chip, which stores important system configuration settings such as date, time, and hardware information even when the computer is turned off.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are CMOS batteries?

A

CPU clock speed refers to the frequency at which the processor executes instructions and is measured in gigahertz (GHz), where higher clock speeds generally indicate faster performance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are gigahertz (GHz)?

A

GHz (gigahertz) is a unit of measurement used to describe the speed of a computer processor, indicating how many billions of cycles the processor can execute in one second, with higher GHz values generally indicating faster processing capabilities.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

explain BIOS firmware upgrades

A

BIOS firmware upgrades involve updating the software that controls your computer’s basic functions, providing bug fixes, performance improvements, and compatibility enhancements for hardware components.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is enabling virtualization support

A

Enabling Virtualization Support is a setting in the BIOS that allows your computer’s processor to efficiently run virtual machines and virtualization software.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is secure boot?

A

Secure Boot is a feature in the BIOS or UEFI firmware that helps ensure that only trusted and digitally signed operating system software is loaded during the boot process, enhancing the security and integrity of the system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are Magnetic HDDs?

A

Magnetic HDDs (Hard Disk Drives) are storage devices that use magnetic platters and a read/write head to store and retrieve data on a rotating disk, providing high capacity storage for computers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are SSDs?

A

SSDs (Solid State Drives) are storage devices that use flash memory chips to store and retrieve data, providing faster data access, improved performance, and durability compared to traditional hard disk drives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are eMMCs?

A

eMMC (embedded MultiMediaCard) is a type of storage technology commonly used in mobile devices and small computing devices, providing integrated flash memory for data storage in a compact form factor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is partitioning?

A

Partitioning is the process of dividing a storage device into separate sections or partitions, allowing for the organization and allocation of data on the drive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is NFTS partitioning?

A

NTFS partitioning is a file system format commonly used in Windows operating systems, providing improved security, file compression, and support for larger file sizes and partitions compared to FAT32.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is FAT32 partitioning?

A

FAT32 partitioning is a file system format used to organize and store data on a storage device, allowing compatibility with various operating systems and devices.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is MBR?

A

MBR (Master Boot Record) is a legacy partitioning scheme that provides a map of how a computer’s hard drive is divided into partitions and contains code to start the operating system.

17
Q

What is GUID Partition Table?

A

GUID Partition Table (GPT) is a modern partitioning scheme used on computer hard drives that allows for larger storage capacities, more flexible partitioning options, and better data integrity features compared to the older Master Boot Record (MBR) system.

18
Q

What are EFI/UEFI?

A

EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) or UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) is the modern replacement for the traditional BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) firmware found on computers, providing an interface between the hardware and the operating system during the boot process.

19
Q

What is RAM?

A

RAM (Random Access Memory) is a type of computer memory that stores data temporarily for quick access by the CPU, enabling fast execution of programs and multitasking.

20
Q

What are memory speeds?

A

Memory speeds refer to the rate at which data can be transferred to and from the RAM module, determining how quickly the computer can access and process information stored in memory.

21
Q

What is memory addressing?

A

Memory addressing is a process by which the computer’s CPU refers to and accesses specific locations in the computer’s memory to read or write data.

22
Q

What are DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, DDR4?

A

DDR1, DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4 are different generations of computer memory modules (RAM) that have evolved over time, with each generation offering increased data transfer rates, improved performance, and compatibility with newer computer systems.

23
Q

What are CPUs?

A

CPUs (Central Processing Units) are the “brain” of a computer responsible for overall system performance and functionality by
* executing instructions
* performing calculations
* managing data

24
Q

What are Intel i3, i5, i7, i9 CPUs?

A

different product lines of Intel CPUs, where each line offers varying levels of performance and features

25
Q

what is AMD
Ryzen 3, Ryzen 5, Ryzen 7, Ryzen 9?

A

product lines of CPUs manufactured by AMD, offering various levels of performance and features

26
Q

what are 32bit CPUs?

A

32-bit CPUs are a type of processor that can handle data and memory addresses in 32-bit chunks, allowing them to process a maximum of 4 gigabytes of memory and execute 32-bit software applications.

27
Q

what are 64bit CPUs?

A

64-bit CPUs are computer processors that can handle larger amounts of memory and process data in larger chunks, enabling faster and more efficient computation compared to older 32-bit CPUs.

28
Q

MultiThreading vs. MultiProcessing

A

Multithreading refers to a single CPU executing multiple threads of instructions concurrently, while multiprocessing involves multiple CPUs or CPU cores working on different tasks simultaneously to enhance overall performance and efficiency.

29
Q

Integrated vs. Discrete GPUs

A

Multithreading refers to a single CPU executing multiple threads of instructions concurrently, while multiprocessing involves multiple CPUs or CPU cores working on different tasks simultaneously to enhance overall performance and efficiency.

30
Q

ray tracing

A

Ray tracing is a rendering technique used in computer graphics that simulates the behavior of light to create more realistic and visually accurate images by tracing the path of light rays as they interact with objects in a scene.

31
Q

GPU memory

A

GPU memory refers to the dedicated memory on a graphics card used to store and rapidly access data and instructions required for rendering images and performing calculations related to graphics processing.

32
Q

GPU bandwidth

A

GPU bandwidth refers to the speed at which data can be transferred between the graphics card’s memory and the GPU itself, influencing the overall performance and ability to handle large amounts of graphical data efficiently.

33
Q

Web caching

A

Web caching is a technique used to temporarily store website content in a local storage (cache) on a user’s device or on intermediate servers, allowing for faster retrieval of the content and reducing the load on the original server.

34
Q

data caching

A

Data caching is a technique where frequently accessed data is stored in a faster and closer temporary memory (cache) to reduce access times and improve overall system performance.

35
Q

Application/Output Caching

A

Application/output caching is a technique used to store frequently accessed data or computed results in a temporary storage location, improving the performance and responsiveness of applications by reducing the need to retrieve the same data repeatedly from the original source.

36
Q

Distributed Caching

A

Distributed caching is a technique where data is stored and accessed from multiple cache servers across a network, improving performance and reducing the load on the primary data source.

Hacker Roadmap (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions