Begginings of Change

Question 1

Who was Vesalius? What did he do?

Answer 1

Vesalius was a surgeon that carried out his own dissections oh humans.

Question 2

What did Vesalius believe?

Answer 2

He believed that anatomy was the key to understanding how the human body worked.

Question 3

What did Vesalius prove?

Answer 3

He proved that animal anatomy was different from human beings.

Question 4

Who was Ambroise Paré?

Answer 4

Ambroise was a surgeon and learnt most of his skills as an army surgeon.

Question 5

What did Ambroise find out?

Answer 5

He found out that using rose oil, egg white and turpentine instead of hot oil to cauterise wounds was better.

Question 6

What did William Harvey learn?

Answer 6

He learnt that blood circulated the body and was driven by the heart.

Question 7

What did Galen belief about blood?

Answer 7

He believed new blood was being made in the liver and it was used as fuel.

Question 8

How did William Harvey study blood?

Answer 8

He did dissections and experiments.

Question 9

Who was John Hunter and what did he do?

Answer 9

He was one of the best surgeons and spent a long time dissecting bodies to learn about them.

Question 10

What did John Hunter do?

Answer 10

John Hunter setup a large practice and trained hundreds of surgeons

Question 11

What did John Hunter discover?

Answer 11

He made discoveries about the nature of diseases, infection, cancer and blood circulation.

Question 12

What did Edward Jenner learn?

Answer 12

He learnt that infecting a person with cowpox would vaccinate them against smallpox.

Question 13

What were hospitals like in the 17th century?

Answer 13

Hospitals were a place for the sick to rest, receive simple remedies and to pray.

Question 14

What were hospitals like in the 18th century?

Answer 14

Modern hospitals were set up that were supported by private people.
Patients were cared for, doctors received training and schools were often on the hospitals.

Question 15

What did Vesalius find out that was related to Galen’s discoveries?

Answer 15

Vesalius found some of Galen’s findings were wrong because they were based on animal dissection.

Question 16

What was the book Compendiosa and what did it tell people?

Answer 16

The book was a copy of Vesalius’ illustrations and it was used as a manual for barber surgeons in London to learn.

Question 17

What caused Vesalius to quit his job?

Answer 17

Vesalius faces heavy criticism because he said Galen was wrong.

Question 18

What did Vesalius do with dissections?

Answer 18

He promoted human dissection as a way to learn more about the body so students could learn about the human body.

Question 19

What was different about Vesalius’ book?

Answer 19

He was very precise and unlike previous medical books. He mainly focused on systems in the body and not individual organs.

Question 20

What did other doctors do that proved that Galen was wrong?

Answer 20

Doctors believed Galen was right so they carried out dissections to prove it but they found the same differences as Vesalius.

Question 21

What did Paré challenge?

Answer 21

He challenged practice based on observation and experimentation.

Question 22

What was Parés book about?

Answer 22

He wrote a book about treating wounds in new and better ways.

Question 23

What difference did Parés findings about burns do compared to using oil?

Answer 23

Those who were treated with rose oil slept well and their wounds healed quicker.
Those who were treated with hot oil ended up with inflamed wounds and up they had a lot of pain.

Question 24

What did Paré think about using hot oil?

Answer 24

Paré believed it was cruel.

Question 25

What did Paré do that helped amputated people?

Answer 25

He moved to designing and making fake limbs for soldiers.

He drew some of the designs in his books.

Question 26

What was another thing Paré did instead of cauterising wounds?

Answer 26

He tied the ligature around individual blood vessels.

Question 27

What did Paré think about Vesalius?

Answer 27

He admired, read and learned from Vesalius’ work.

Question 28

What did Paré make that helped when he tied off ligatures?

Answer 28

He designed the ‘crows beak clamp’ and it halted bleeding when tying off ligatures.

Question 29

What did Paré do before he became a proper surgeon?

Answer 29

He was a French army surgeon, he developed his methods on the battlefield.

Question 30

What were two problems with ligatures?

Answer 30

The ligatures could introduce infection to the wound and they took more time than cauterising.