Begginings of Change Flashcards
Who was Vesalius? What did he do?
Vesalius was a surgeon that carried out his own dissections oh humans.
What did Vesalius believe?
He believed that anatomy was the key to understanding how the human body worked.
What did Vesalius prove?
He proved that animal anatomy was different from human beings.
Who was Ambroise Paré?
Ambroise was a surgeon and learnt most of his skills as an army surgeon.
What did Ambroise find out?
He found out that using rose oil, egg white and turpentine instead of hot oil to cauterise wounds was better.
What did William Harvey learn?
He learnt that blood circulated the body and was driven by the heart.
What did Galen belief about blood?
He believed new blood was being made in the liver and it was used as fuel.
How did William Harvey study blood?
He did dissections and experiments.
Who was John Hunter and what did he do?
He was one of the best surgeons and spent a long time dissecting bodies to learn about them.
What did John Hunter do?
John Hunter setup a large practice and trained hundreds of surgeons
What did John Hunter discover?
He made discoveries about the nature of diseases, infection, cancer and blood circulation.
What did Edward Jenner learn?
He learnt that infecting a person with cowpox would vaccinate them against smallpox.
What were hospitals like in the 17th century?
Hospitals were a place for the sick to rest, receive simple remedies and to pray.
What were hospitals like in the 18th century?
Modern hospitals were set up that were supported by private people.
Patients were cared for, doctors received training and schools were often on the hospitals.
What did Vesalius find out that was related to Galen’s discoveries?
Vesalius found some of Galen’s findings were wrong because they were based on animal dissection.
What was the book Compendiosa and what did it tell people?
The book was a copy of Vesalius’ illustrations and it was used as a manual for barber surgeons in London to learn.
What caused Vesalius to quit his job?
Vesalius faces heavy criticism because he said Galen was wrong.
What did Vesalius do with dissections?
He promoted human dissection as a way to learn more about the body so students could learn about the human body.
What was different about Vesalius’ book?
He was very precise and unlike previous medical books. He mainly focused on systems in the body and not individual organs.
What did other doctors do that proved that Galen was wrong?
Doctors believed Galen was right so they carried out dissections to prove it but they found the same differences as Vesalius.
What did Paré challenge?
He challenged practice based on observation and experimentation.
What was Parés book about?
He wrote a book about treating wounds in new and better ways.
What difference did Parés findings about burns do compared to using oil?
Those who were treated with rose oil slept well and their wounds healed quicker.
Those who were treated with hot oil ended up with inflamed wounds and up they had a lot of pain.
What did Paré think about using hot oil?
Paré believed it was cruel.
What did Paré do that helped amputated people?
He moved to designing and making fake limbs for soldiers.
He drew some of the designs in his books.
What was another thing Paré did instead of cauterising wounds?
He tied the ligature around individual blood vessels.
What did Paré think about Vesalius?
He admired, read and learned from Vesalius’ work.
What did Paré make that helped when he tied off ligatures?
He designed the ‘crows beak clamp’ and it halted bleeding when tying off ligatures.
What did Paré do before he became a proper surgeon?
He was a French army surgeon, he developed his methods on the battlefield.
What were two problems with ligatures?
The ligatures could introduce infection to the wound and they took more time than cauterising.
