Before you got a brain

Question 1

Define epidemiology ?

Answer 1

Fancy: the branch of medicine which deals with the INCIDENCE, DISTRIBUTION, and possible CONTROL of DISEASES and other factors relating to health.

Easy: Epidemiology is the method used to find the causes of health outcomes and diseases in populations

Question 2

What are the different types of epidemiology ?

Answer 2

-Descriptive epidemiology
- Analytic epidemiology
- Experimental epidemiology

Question 3

Outline the role of descriptive epidemiology in medicine ?

Answer 3

It’s a speciality that evaluates and catalogs all the circumstances surrounding a person affected by a particular health event. The more fully a descriptive epidemiologist can describe people, places and times, and any correlations between the three, the more likely it is that patterns will emerge which can be considered risk factors for certain kinds of health issues.

Question 4

Example of descriptive epidemiology ?

Answer 4

• Dr John Snow, 1854 Cholera outbreak

Question 5

What is prevalence ?

Answer 5

The prevalence of an event refers to the total number of existing cases at a point in time.

Question 6

What is teh difference between incidence and prevalence ?

Answer 6

Prevalence differs from incidence proportion as prevalence includes all cases (new and pre-existing cases) in the population at the specified time whereas incidence is limited to new cases only.

Question 7

What is cumulative incidence and what is incidence rate ?

Question 8

Apply the model of ‘time/place/person’ to describe health events ?

Question 9

Describe patterns of smoking across time, between places and individuals ?

Answer 9

Pattern of smoking in individuals:

• The amount of men and women who smoke has declined over the years

Question 10

Difference in smoking geographically ?

Answer 10

Out of high income, middle income and low income countries. Middle income countries smoke the most, followed by high income and low income countries smoke the least.

• The country with the most smokers aged 15 and over is Myanamar
• The country with the least smokers aged 15 and over is Ghana

Question 11

Help Seeking Behavior learning outcomes ?

Question 12

To outline the complexity of lay ideas on health and illness.

Answer 12

Lay (folk concepts/ what people think )

• Illness is a feeling, an experience of unhealth which is entirely personal, interior to the person of the patient.
• Illness behaviour refers to those behaviours that individuals engage in once they believe that they are ill.
• The process of illness behaviour usually begins when a noticeable change in bodily function is interpreted as a symptom of ill health.

Question 13

To recognise that illness behaviour may vary according to age, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation and disability.

Question 14

To explain the nature of the ‘symptom iceberg’.

Question 15

To describe the social processes associated with help seeking behaviour (e.g.: Zola’s triggers).

Question 16

To recognise the factors that influence people’s decisions to seek help from health care professionals.

Question 17

To identify the barriers to seeking help

Answer 17

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