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BIOL 2060 > Before Midterm > Flashcards

Before Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

what is Jax’s definition of ecology?

A

scientific study of the processes influencing the distribution and abundance of organisms, the interactions among organisms, and interactions between organisms, and the flux and transformation of energy and matter

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2
Q

what does permafrost contain huge amounts of?

A

Carbon

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3
Q

what is Haeckel’s definition of ecology?

A

part of the physiology of organisms, namely that part treating outer relations of the organism as a complement to the investigation of the inner relations regarding both organic and inorganic organisms and their spatial distribution

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4
Q

what is chorologie?

A

spatial distribution of organisms on all scales

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5
Q

who are the founders of ecology?

A
  • Theophrastus
  • Aristotle
  • Linnaeus
  • Darwin
  • Karl Semper
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6
Q

what does plant ecology focus on?

A

classification and explanation of vegetation patterns

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7
Q

what are the 2 main vegetation patterns?

A

succession and individualistic

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8
Q

what does animal ecology focus on?

A

population phenomena and interactions between animals

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9
Q

what is phenology?

A

timing of events

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10
Q

what does natural history look at?

A

the particular and detailed study of a species od place through description, comparison, and classification

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11
Q

what is physiology?

A

the investigation of the inner relations of an organism that draws on experiments and the identification of mechanisms

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12
Q

what is auteocology?

A

the study of both inner workings and conditions for existance

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13
Q

what are some examples of transformation of flux and matter?

A
  • nitrogen cycling

- flux of carbon

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14
Q

what is weather?

A

temperature, rain, cloud cover, wind, and humidity

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15
Q

what is climate?

A

long-term prevailing weather in an area

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16
Q

what areas experience relatively minor changes in temperature?

A

tropical regions

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17
Q

what is more dense; hot or cold air/water

A

cold

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18
Q

what creates winds that move north/south

A

warm air moving upwards, allowing for cold air to rush in

19
Q

what generates east/west winds?

A

the rotation of the earth (Coriolis effect)

20
Q

how much of the solar energy that reaches the earth is redistributed by wind?

A

~60%

21
Q

do costal areas experience more or less variation in their seasonal climates?

A

less

22
Q

what is the Hadley cell?

A

the belt of circulation ~30 degrees north and south of the equator

23
Q

how many circulation belts are there?

A

3 on each hemisphere

24
Q

what occurs at 30 degrees latitude?

A

desert like climates

25
Q

what can hold more water, hot or cold air?

A

hot

26
Q

what does the Coriolis effect do?

A

moving object seems to veer toward the right in the Northern hemisphere and left in the Southern hemisphere

27
Q

what are ocean currents driven by?

A

winds, earth rotation, difference in salinity

28
Q

which is warmer, western or eastern pacific?

A

western

29
Q

what is present where hot and cold waters mix?

A

high biological productivity

30
Q

what are the 6 biographical realms?

A

nearctic, oriental, neotropical, palearctic, Ethiopian, australian

31
Q

where is there greater species diversity; warm, wet regions or cold, dry regions

A

warm, wet regions

32
Q

what is a biome?

A

regions of similar climate and dominant plant type

33
Q

what is biogeography?

A

the study of past and present geographic distribution of species, the habitats they occupy and their ecological relationships

34
Q

what is species turnover?

A

species identity change over time despite consistency in species number

35
Q

according to equilibrium theory, what happens when immigration number rises?

A

extinction number rises to maintain balance

36
Q

what type of island is most likely to have a lot of species?

A

a large island near to land

37
Q

what islands have the most immigration?

A

large islands close to land

38
Q

what is a colonization curve?

A

a curve relating the number of species on an island to time since colonization process began

39
Q

what is eurythermal?

A

organisms that have a wide thermal breadth, can inhabit wide range of thermal environments

40
Q

what is stenothermal?

A

organisms restricted to narrow thermal environments of that must behaviourally thermoregulate

41
Q

what was Grinnell’s idea of an ecological niche?

A

purely habitat based

42
Q

what was Elton’s idea of an ecological niche?

A

the role in the ecosystem

43
Q

what was Hutchinson’s idea of an ecological niche?

A

combination of both habitat and ecosystem to find the multidimensional conditions that allow for reproduction and survival

BIOL 2060 (1 decks)

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