Before Midterm

Question 1

Argument

Answer 1

An effort to defend a controversial belief with reason.

Question 2

Controversial

Answer 2

An claim a person might reject.

Question 3

Effort

Answer 3

Trying to persuade

Question 4

Conclusion

Answer 4

The claim being defended. The claim the arguer wants to prove.

Question 5

Premise

Answer 5

The reason or evidence used in the effort to defend the conclusion.

Question 6

Knowledge

Answer 6

To know something is to be certain. It cannot be wrong.

Question 7

Opinion

Answer 7

Anything with less certainty.

Question 8

Explanation

Answer 8

This provides understanding or illuminates something. It provides justification.

Question 9

What are the three types of questions?

Answer 9

Objective questions, Subjective questions and Normative questions.

Question 10

Moral Beliefs

Answer 10

Right and wrong conduct, good person, dignity.

Question 11

Moral Philosophy

Answer 11

Critical reflection on moral beliefs.

Question 12

Moral Subjectivism

Answer 12

Something is moral for you as long as you believe it is. Something is immoral when you believe it is.

Question 13

Moral Worries

Answer 13

Absurd consequences.

Moral infallibility.

Question 14

Requirements for Natural rights to life

Answer 14

A. Capacity to reason
B. Capacity to make free choices.
C. Concept of “self”.
D. Sentience

Question 15

Sentience

Answer 15

Capacity to feel pain and pleasure.

Question 16

Enlightened Anthropocentism

Answer 16

Only human beings have moral value. Other things have value indirectly if we give them.

Question 17

– Rollin

Answer 17

This means animals deserve moral consideration.

Question 18

Utilitarianism

Answer 18

The right action is the one that does the most good overall for everyone affected.

Question 19

The right approach

Answer 19

This means having dignity or autonomy.

Question 20

Common good

Answer 20

What’s good for your community is good for you.

Question 21

Virtual Approach

Answer 21

If I do this what kind of person will I become?

Question 22

Language

Answer 22

Clarity in arguments.

Question 23

Ambiguity

Answer 23

In the context, a word or phase could have any one several district meanings.

Question 24

Semantics

Answer 24

Many words have more ham one meaning. Context usually helps.

Question 25

Vagueness

Answer 25

In the context, we can’t determine what the word applies to. No distinct meaning at all in context.

Question 26

Fallacy of equivocation

Answer 26

A key word in an argument is used in two or more sentences and the premises seem to support the conclusion only because the senses are not distinguished.