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Social Studies Finals > Before American Revolution > Flashcards

Before American Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

The spirit of Adventure, Discovery and Innovation was fueled by the….

A

desire to benefit their country and build on it to make it better.

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2
Q

What Country was the first to send explorers that landed in North America?

A

Spain was the first country to send explorers that landed in North America.

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3
Q

Who was Henry the Navigator? What Country was he from? What did he establish?

A

Henry the Navigator was a teacher that taught the motive of seeking adventure and gaining glory. He was from Portugal and discovered that there are two hemispheres giving people motivation to be more adventurous because they wanted glory too.

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4
Q

What was Columbus’ reason to sail to America?

A

Columbus sailed to America because he wanted to find a quicker route to Asia to gain goods from there to give to the Spanish, but he landed in America instead.

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5
Q

What were France and England searching for originally when sailing to the New World?

A

The French and English were originally searching for a quicker “Northwestern” route to Asia when sailing to the new world.

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6
Q

God, Gold, and Glory/Religion, Adventure, and Wealth were the….

A

Overall goals of the Europeans

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7
Q

What are some things explorers faced when sailing to the New World?

A

They didn’t have advanced technology to find their way there easily, there was some harsh weather, and they didn’t have a large supply of food.

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8
Q

Who were Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro?

A

Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro were the Spanish explorers that conquered the Incas and the Aztecs.

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9
Q

Understand Columbus’ first voyage on a map.

A

Columbus’ ships went from Lisbon, through the Azores Islands, through the Bahamas, and landed in Cuba.

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10
Q

What was the French main method of making money in the Americas

A

They used fur trade and new trade routes to make money in the Americas.

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11
Q

Who defeated the Incas?

A

Francisco Pizarro

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12
Q

What was the Natural Resource Spain wanted to gain to practice mercantilism?

A

Spain wanted to gain raw materials so that they could make them into finished goods.

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13
Q

What was the Columbian exchange?

A

The Columbian exchange was the exchange between resources from the Americas to resources from Europe. These resources would include ideas, diseases, goods, and all kinds of other things.

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14
Q

Aztecs and Incas were conquered by what country? Why were they able to do it quickly?

A

The Aztecs and Incas were conquered by Spain. They were conquered easily because Francisco Pizarro had “advanced” technology that the Incas didn’t have and the king of the Aztecs thought that Hernan Cortes was a god so he was easily able to betray and conquer them.

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15
Q

What is Mercantilism? Who benefits? Why?

A

Mercantilism is where the Americas give raw materials to the mother country, who makes them into finished goods. The mother country benefits from Mercantilism because they can then sell the finished goods and gain money.

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16
Q

What is encomienda? Who had the most power? Who was hurt the most? Why?

A

Encomienda is the plan to convert the Native Americans to Christianity. The Spanish had the most power because they took control of the Natives and converted them by force. The Natives were hurt the most because they were taken over and forced to do labor by the Spanish.

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17
Q

What is the biggest cause of Native American death? How many Natives are estimated to have died?

A

The biggest cause of the Native American death was disease. About 90% of the Native Americans died from disease.

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18
Q

Who was Amerigo Vespucci? What did he prove?

A

Amerigo Vespucci was the first explorer to prove that America wasn’t Asia. The country was named after him.

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19
Q

How did the Dutch relationship with the Natives differ from Spain & France?

A

The Spanish and French were missionaries and tried to convert the Natives to Christianity, while the Dutch did not.

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20
Q

What was the Transatlantic Slave Trade? Why did it start? Where did the slaves work?

A

The transatlantic Slave Trade was the exchange of AFRICAN slaves over the Atlantic Ocean. It started because a lot of the Native Americans died, so the Europeans decided to trade african slaves instead to gain money. The slaves worked on PLANTATIONS.

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21
Q

Found of Connecticut

A

Thomas Hooker

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22
Q

Founder of Rhode Island

A

Roger Williams

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23
Q

Founder of Georgia

A

James Oglethorpe

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24
Q

Founder of Maryland

A

George Calvert

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25
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was the set of rules where people claimed the right to govern themselves. The people called for just and equal laws, and government leaders would only be adult males.
26
How many colony regions used agriculture? (list any region that farmed at all)
The middle and southern colonies used agriculture.
27
How did rivers impact trade?
The rivers impacted trade by allowing people to import and export goods from the colonies to Europe.
28
How did the Europeans impact the Native Population?
The Europeans impacted the Native Population because they brought their diseases and killed 90% of them. The Europeans also enslaved and killed a lot of the Natives themselves too, also decreasing their population.
29
What is a primary source?
A primary source is a piece of evidence from history that was existing from that point of time in history, usually records or objects.
30
What is mercantilism?
Mercantilism is where the Americas give raw materials to the mother country, who make them into finished products. The mother country benefits from it because they can sell the finished goods and gain money.
31
What was the primary motive (reason) for the founding of the Massachusetts Bay colony?
The Massachusetts Bay colony was founded by the Puritans because they wanted religious freedom and to build a good religious community in the Americas.
32
What was the primary motive (reason) for the founding of the Jamestown colony?
Farming tobacco to make profit.
33
What was the main economic industry (how they make money) in the Southern Colonies?
Farming
34
How did religion impact the Salem Witch Trials (think Puritans)?
Religion impacted the Salem Witch Trials because their religion, Christianity, made them think that they had to be pure and perfect to go to heaven. So when women did certain things that they didn’t normally do, people became suspicious and accused them of being witches and killed them because a part of their religion was to be pure.
35
How did Prince Henry the Navigator influence the age of exploration?
Prince Henry the Navigator influenced the age of exploration by giving explorers the motive to seek adventure, gain glory, and to spread religion which made people explore more.
36
What were the main economic industries (how they make money) of the North East?
Ship building, rivers (trade), fur trading, farming * agriculture.
37
What Natural Resources were abundant (did they have alot of) in the New England colonies?
Fish, wood, whales, and other animals.
38
Who were in the middle colonies?
New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware.
39
What was the trade between the colonies, Africa, and Europe called?
the Transatlantic slave trade.
40
Why was Pennsylvania founded?
Pennsylvania was founded because William Penn wanted more religious freedom and was trying to get more diversity in the colonies for both religion and nationalities.
41
The first peoples in America survived off the land by being…?
Nomadic
42
Magna Carta
an important medieval document that limited the right of the king to do as he wished without regard to the law. Seen as the basis of rights to equal and fair treatment under the law for all citizens. Means “big charter” in Latin.
43
Parliament
the legislature, or lawmaking group, in the government of the United Kingdom.
44
English Bill of Rights
a list of laws that everybody has to follow, including government leaders.
45
Zenger Case
A case involving a lot of government criticism. John Peter Zenger criticised the English government and ended up not getting punished after going to court. This set an example for the Constitution. Established freedom of the press and is referenced in first amendment.
46
Propaganda
Designed to persuade and influence your emotions, opinions, attitudes, or behavior. Seeks to guide your choice by exaggerating the truth and using hidden messages. Seen most often in political cartoons
47
What was the Virginia House of Burgesses? Why is it important?
The first representative government in America. It was important because it allowed people to have try a new way of governing with different advantages.
48
What was the Albany Plan of Union and whose idea was it? Why did the colonies say no to it?
It was Benjamin Franklin’s idea to band together to help the British defeat the French in the French and Indian War. He set up a council to to make decisions regarding taxing, paying expenses, and raising an army. The colonies said no to it because they didn’t want to drop their original governments.
49
What was the last major conflict fought in the US before the American revolution? Who were the main countries involved in this war?
The last major conflict fought in the US before the American revolution was the Battle of Lexington and Concord. The two main countries involved in this war were the American colonies and the British.
50
What is another name for the French and Indian War?
The Seven Years War.
51
What was Salutary Neglect and how did it impact the colonies?
The Salutary Neglect was when the British did not enforce trade laws, or taxes, on the colonists and let them govern themselves. This impacted the colonies because it gave them more freedom and helped them grow. The Salutary Neglect ended in 1763 when the colonists started to protest.
52
What was the Quartering Act?
The Quartering Act was the act that the British parliament passed that gave soldiers the right to stay in colonists’ homes. The colonists had to take good care of the soldiers and feed them.
53
What were the Intolerable Acts? How did it hurt the colonies? Look at each part.
The Intolerable Acts were 4 acts that the British passed to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party The port of Boston was closed until the colonists paid for the destroyed tea - blocked importing and exporting for colonists which hurt their amount of resources The royal governor could ban town meetings - colonists weren’t allowed to meet and make new government decisions British officials accused of crimes would stand trial in Britian instead of Massachusetts- gave soldiers who commited crimes a higher chance of being decided not guilty A new Quartering Act was passed that allowed British troops to be quartered in unoccupied colonial buildings and homes - took away colonists’ privacy
54
How did the colonists feel about the British taxes? What did they want?
The colonists felt angry and mistreated from the British taxes and wanted freedom and independence.
55
What was the Boston Massacre?
The Boston Massacre was a large protest that colonists had against the British that led to 5 colonists being shot by soldiers.
56
What group participated in the Boston Tea Party? How did Britain react to the Boston Tea Party?
The Sons/Daughters of Liberty participated in the Boston Tea Party. The British were infuriated by the colonists action and punished them for it by passing the Intolerable Acts.
57
Why did colonists have to provide food and shelter for British soldiers?
The British parliament passed the Quartering Act stating that colonists had to provide food and shelter for British soldiers.
58
What are some forms of early representative governments?
Virginia House of Burgesses and Mayflower Compact
59
Who was the First Continental Congress and what event led them to form this group? What did they decide?
It was a meetings in response to the Intoleraable Acts and they decided to start training militia and boycott all British goods.
60
Who were the Son’s/Daughters of Liberty? Name one event that they pulled off as a protest to Britain?
The Son’s/Daughters of Liberty were colonists that formed into a group against the British. They pulled off the Boston Tea Party as a protest against the British.
61
What other group modeled the same beliefs as the Sons/Daughters of Liberty?
Committees of Correspondance
62
What were colonists who remained loyal to the King called?
Loyalists
63
Who is the most famous colonist from the Battle of Lexington and Concord?
Paul Revere
64
What was the name of the army that fought in the Battle of Lexington and Concord?
Minutemen
65
What was the Middle Passage? What were conditions like on the slave ship?
the route that people used to move slaves. The conditions were poor.
66
What are some colonial advantages during the Revolutionary War?
They could get their supplies faster because the British supplies were across the ocean and the colonists knew the land that they were fighting on a bit better.
67
List the 4 reasons the Americans were able to win the American Revolution:
They had more drive to win than the British did They had the French army to help them Home field advantage George Washington as general
68
Which battle is considered the "Turning Point" of the American Revolution and why?
The Battle of Saratoga because the French Navy came to the colonists' aid to fight..
69
What are the 5 themes of geography?
1. Location 2. Place 3. Human Environment Interaction 4. Movement 5. Region
70
Land Bridge
A strip of land that crosses water to connect two islands. How some people think Asians came to the Americas. The land bridge was from Asia to Alaska, and went over to the Bering Sea.
71
Culture
the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group.
72
Primary Source
A source that came directly from the time period it represents. a. An example of a primary source is A newspaper from 1729.
73
Secondary Source
A source that symbolizes an event from a time period b. An example of a secondary source is A book about the Civil war.
74
How do Native Americans believe they came to America compared to scientists?
Native Americans believe they came through land bridge, scientists believe they came on canoes.
75
What were the southwest Native Americans like?
Anasazi, adapted to environment through irrigation canals, the climate was hot
76
What were the northwest Native Americans like?
Kwakuiti, adapted to environment thru canoes and hunting sea animals.
77
What were the northeast Native Americans like?
Algonquins, adapted to environment thru being nomadic , wigwams, hunting, and fishing.
78
What were the Great Plains Native Americans like?
Cherokee, adapted to environment thru being nomadic and hunting animals.
79
Native American Key Idea for Test
The Native Americans adapted differently depending on the region that we were in.
80
Four POSITIVE effects of European exploration were:
1. More goods 2. Raw materials 3. New discoveries 4. Development of settlements
81
Four NEGATIVE effects of European exploration were:
1. deforestation 2. land degradation 3. spread of European diseases 4.discovery of dangerous substances
82
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of goods and ideas from the colonies to the mother country.
83
Representative Governments
When people vote for representative who then vote on policies.
84
House of Burgesses:
First representative government in America
85
Colonial Assemblies
Formed to govern the various American colonies.
86
Who are John Smith and John Rolfe? How do they connect to Jamestown?
John Rofle saved the economy of Jamestown by growing tobacco to eat and sell, so the colonists stopped starving. John Smith started the settlement of Jamestown .
87
Geography of New England colonies
Cold Flat along the rocky coastline Rocky soil, not good for farming Forests
88
Geography of Middle Colonies
Varies, mostly plains or hills or mountains Good for shipping
89
Geography of Southern Colonies
Similar to middle colonies but warmer Soil good for farming Warm climate
90
Religion of colonies areas + motives
NE: Puritans Provided a place for them to practice their religious beliefs M: Quakers, Catholics, Lutherans, Jews People could practice their religion without persecution S: Similar to middle colonies
91
Economic traits of colonies
NE: Fish, whales, trees, and furs M: Iron ore and wood Produced paper and textiles S: Farmlands, forests, fish
92
Why did England pass the Navigation Acts? Why were some colonists resentful towards this act?
England passed these to make the British Empire stronger and richer in resources thru trade. Colonists were resentful towards this because it made them poorer and weaker in resources.
93
Triangular Slave Trade
When slaves were traded from Europe to the colonies to Africa
94
Writs of Assistance
general search warrants that British American courts began issuing to empower customs officials to combat smuggling.
95
First Continental Congress
Led the Patriots to rebel against British
96
The cause of the French and Indian War was that France and England were fighting over control of
America
97
Intolerable Acts
Closed port of Boston, royal governor could ban town meetings, Quartering act.
98
List the 4 reasons the Americans were able to win the American Revolution:
They had more drive to win than the British did They had the French army to help them Home field advantage George Washingotn as general
99
The ___ settled the issue of slave representation.
⅗ Compromise
100
________is the division of power between national and state governments. Two powers given to the national government are, _______ and ________
Federalism, Regulate interstate and foreign trade, create and maintain armed forces.
101
Two powers only given to the states
create corporation law and make laws about marriage and divorce
102
Two powers shared by both governments are
to tax and provide for public warfare.
103
Seperation of powers
the sharing of power between three branches of government. The role of the legistlative branch is to pass the laws. The role of the executive branch is to carry out the law. The role of the judicial branch is to determine whether laws are constitutional or unconstitutional.
104
Checks and balances
when leaders edit and revise their laws to prevent a branch from becoming too powerful. One way the legislative checks the executive branch is vetoing laws; one way the executive branch checks the legislative is making appointments of senior federal officials while the Senate is in recess. One way the legislative branch checks the judicial is confirming the President’s nominations for judicial positions. The way the judicial branch checks the other branches is by declaring laws constitutional or unconstitutional.
105
Judicial Review.
Marbury vs. Madison, judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional.
106
Hamilton’s Plan to strengthen the economy:
1. National Bank 2. Issue new bonds to pay off old debts 3. Promote manufacturing
107
Why was the North and the South split over the argument of a PROTECTIVE TARIFF?
Some people were helped through this protective tariff and others were hurt.
108
Four causes of the war of 1812
1. British impressment 2. Native Americans upset with US expanding west and stealing territory 3. Embargo with British 4. War Hawks
109
How did the French, Dutch and Spanish make money
French and Dutch: Beaver pelts and trade Spanish: Farming

Social Studies Finals (3 decks)

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