Beer Flashcards
What is Amylase?
The enzyme that is released from germinating/malting barley that will ultimately convert carbohydrates into fermentable sugars.
The two sugar types produced are Maltose, and Dextrin.
Once this process has completed the malted barley is now called Green Malt.
What is Green Malt?
This is the result of germinated malted barley that has produced Maltose & Dextrose.
This is what is transferred into Kilns for roasting to halt the germination process.
What are the fermentable sugars of malted barley?
Maltose
.
Dextrose
What is Grist?
This is ground or cracked malted barley after roasting.
This is what gets steeped with hot water in a Mash Tun** in order to derive the **Wort which can then be fermented.
What is Wort?
This is the liquid that has been derived from malted grain starch being converted into to sugar.
It is the Wort that can be fermented.
What is a hopback?
A chamber the wort can be [optionally] strained to after the fermenting process where additional fresh hops are added prior to chilling and fermentation.
This process (dry-hopping?) adds the more delicate, and volitile aromas of hops to beers, and adds additional bitterness.
What is Sparging?
After Grist has been soaked in hot water to get the Wort, the Spent Grist is filtered off.
Sparging is the process some brewers will use to extract more sugar or flavor.
The spent grist is soaked with a small amount fresh water (typically about 50% of the volume of the original Wort). It must be at a lower temperature or tannin, and bitterness will be extracted from the husks.
The Sparge can then be added to the Wort and put in a brew kettle with hops.
What are the main yeast strains used in beer production?
What are their uses?
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
- typically used in Ales
- acts at warmer temperatures
- top fermenting
Saccharomyces Pastorianus
(fka: Saccharomyces Carlsbergensis)
- typically used in Lagers
- acts at cooler temperatures
- bottom fermenting
Saccharomyces Uvarum
- typically used in Lagers
- acts at cooler temperatures
- bottom fermenting
Brettanomyces Bruxellensis & Brettanomyces Lambicus
- used in Lambics & sour ales
What yeast is used for Ales?
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
What yeast is used for Lagers?
Saccharomyces Pastorianus
(fka: Saccharomyces Carlsbergensis)
Saccharomyces Uvarum
Name 5 different strains of hops
==========
- bonus points for country of origin -
==========
- double bonus for single hop ipa producers -
There are TONS of strains.
Below is a list of some popular strains from different countries.
** indicates that breweries have made single-hop bottled version IPAs with this strain. Examples given.
Cascade **
(USA)
** Mikkeller
Centennial **
(USA)
** Mikkeller
Citra **
(USA)
** Flying Dog
Galaxy **
(Australia)
** Flying Dog
Liberty **
(USA)
** Anchor
Mosaic **
(USA)
** Societe
Motueka **
(New Zealand)
** Societe
Nelson Sauvin **
(New Zealand)
** Alpine
Simcoe **
(USA)
** Mikkeller
Smaragd
(Germany)
- translates to “emerald”
Sorachi Ace **
(Japan)
** Societe
What is the difference between
“wet hops” & “dry hops”?
Wet hops are hops that are used immediately after the hop harvest (fall in northern hemi, and spring in southern hemi). They must be used without any processing (drying). It is basically a term of freshness…(?)
Dry hops is a practice of adding hops to beer either during, or immedeately after fermentation.
===============
Strangely enough one can use “wet hops” in the “dry hop” process.
What is a Lambic?
Ales that are spontaneously fermented over a long period of time;
aged hops provide antibacterial qualities, not bitterness
.
Main Yeast strains used:
** Brettanomyces bruxellensis
* Brettanomyces lambicus
* Saccharomyces cerevisiae
* Lactobacillus
.
* Styles of Lambic:
- Gueuze
- Mars
- Faro
- Kriek
- Framboise
- Pêche
- Muscat
- Cassis
What is Gueuze?
Name a producer.
One of the types of Lambics
.
Gueuze is a blend of one year-old and two year-old lambics, fermentation concludes in the bottle
example: Girardin “1882” Gueuze
(pic below)
==========
other types of lambics are:
Mars
-A mild lambic produced by reusing the malt from a previous lambic fermentation
Faro
-A mixture of lambic and a lighter brewed beer, Belgian candy sugar is added for sweetness
Kriek
-Lambic or Gueze with Cherries
Framboise
-Lambic or Gueze with Raspberries
Pêche
-Lambic or Gueze with Peaches
Muscat
-Lambic or Gueze with Grapes
Cassis
-Lambic or Gueze with Currants
What is Mars?
Name a producer.
One of the types of Lambics
.
Mars is a mild lambic produced by reusing the malt from a previous lambic fermentation
Example: Ommegang Biere de Mars
(pic below)
==========
other types of Lambics are:
Gueuze
-blend of one year-old and two year-old lambics, fermentation concludes in the bottle
Faro
-A mixture of lambic and a lighter brewed beer, Belgian candy sugar is added for sweetness
Kriek
-Lambic or Gueze with Cherries
Framboise
-Lambic or Gueze with Raspberries
Pêche
-Lambic or Gueze with Peaches
Muscat
-Lambic or Gueze with Grapes
Cassis
-Lambic or Gueze with Currants
What is Faro?
Name a producer.
One of the types of Lambics
.
Faro is a mixture of lambic and a lighter brewed beer, Belgian candy sugar is added for sweetness
example: Lindeman’s Faro
(pic below)
==========
other types of Lambics are:
Gueuze
-blend of one year-old and two year-old lambics, fermentation concludes in the bottle
Mars
-A mild lambic produced by reusing the malt from a previous lambic fermentation
Kriek
-Lambic or Gueze with Cherries
Framboise
-Lambic or Gueze with Raspberries
Pêche
-Lambic or Gueze with Peaches
Muscat
-Lambic or Gueze with Grapes
Cassis
-Lambic or Gueze with Currants
What is Kriek?
Name a producer.
One of the types of Lambics
.
Krieks are Lambics or Gueze with Cherries
example: Timmerman’s Kriek
(pic below)
==========
other types of Lambics are:
Gueuze
-blend of one year-old and two year-old lambics, fermentation concludes in the bottle
Mars
-A mild lambic produced by reusing the malt from a previous lambic fermentation
Faro
-A mixture of lambic and a lighter brewed beer, Belgian candy sugar is added for sweetness
Framboise
-Lambic or Gueze with Raspberries
Pêche
-Lambic or Gueze with Peaches
Muscat
- Lambic or Gueze with Grapes
Cassis
-Lambic or Gueze with Currants
What is Framboise?
Name a producer.
One of the types of Lambics
.
Framboise are Lambics or Gueze with Raspberries
example: Cantillon “Lou Pepe” Framboise
(pic below)
==========
other types of Lambics are:
Gueuze
-blend of one year-old and two year-old lambics, fermentation concludes in the bottle
Mars
-A mild lambic produced by reusing the malt from a previous lambic fermentation
Faro
-A mixture of lambic and a lighter brewed beer, Belgian candy sugar is added for sweetness
Kriek
-Lambic or Gueze with Cherries
Pêche
-Lambic or Gueze with Peaches
Muscat
-Lambic or Gueze with Grapes
Cassis
-Lambic or Gueze with Currants
What is Pêche?
Name a producer.
One of the types of Lambics
.
Pêche are Lambics or Gueze with Peaches
example: Lindeman’s Peche
(pic below)
==========
other types of Lambics are:
Gueuze
-blend of one year-old and two year-old lambics, fermentation concludes in the bottle
Mars
-A mild lambic produced by reusing the malt from a previous lambic fermentation
Faro
-A mixture of lambic and a lighter brewed beer, Belgian candy sugar is added for sweetness
Kriek
-Lambic or Gueze with Cherries
Framboise
-Lambic or Gueze with Raspberries
Muscat
-Lambic or Gueze with Grapes
Cassis
-Lambic or Gueze with Currants
What is Muscat?
Name a producer.
One of the types of Lambics
.
Muscats are Lambics or Gueze with Grapes
example: Cantillon Reed Muscat Gueuze
(pic below)
Note:
- Not many Muscats are made anymore. Difficult finding one…
==========
other types of Lambics are:
Gueuze
-blend of one year-old and two year-old lambics, fermentation concludes in the bottle
Mars
-A mild lambic produced by reusing the malt from a previous lambic fermentation
Faro
-A mixture of lambic and a lighter brewed beer, Belgian candy sugar is added for sweetness
Kriek
-Lambic or Gueze with Cherries
Framboise
-Lambic or Gueze with Raspberries
Pêche
-Lambic or Gueze with Peaches
Cassis
-Lambic or Gueze with Currants
What is Cassis?
Name a producer.
One of the types of Lambics
Cassis are Lambics or Gueze with Currants
example: Lindeman’s Cassis
(pic below)
==========
other types of Lambics are:
Gueuze
-blend of one year-old and two year-old lambics, fermentation concludes in the bottle
Mars
-A mild lambic produced by reusing the malt from a previous lambic fermentation
Faro
-A mixture of lambic and a lighter brewed beer, Belgian candy sugar is added for sweetness
Kriek
-Lambic or Gueze with Cherries
Framboise
-Lambic or Gueze with Raspberries
Pêche
-Lambic or Gueze with Peaches
Muscat
-Lambic or Gueze with Grapes
What is Kölsch?
Ale brewed at cooler temperatures
Traditionally from Cologne, Germany
example: Reissdorf!!
What is Rauchbier?
A Smoked Beer
Traditionally made in Bamberg (Franken, Germany)
example: Brauerei Heller (marzen & weizen)
What are the styles of Bock Bier?
Bockbier
- malty, dark and rich.
- typically about 6% ABV +
- often have goats on the labels (no idea why…)
producer: Shiner Bock
.
Maibock
- more hopped and golded version of bockbier brewed in the spring (Mai = May)
- typically 6-7% ABV
producer: Hofbrau
.
Doppelbock
- double bock bier
- typically about 7% ABV +
producer: Celebrator
.
Eisbock
- bock beer that are partially frozen near the end of their maturation to increase alcoholic strength
- typically about 10% ABV +
producer: Schneider Weiss “Aventinus”
Name the Trappist breweries of Italy
Tre Fontane
Name the Trappist breweries of France
Monts de Cats
Note:
- this beer is actually brewed across the border in Belgium at Chimay
Name the Trappist breweries of Austria
Stift Engelszell
They make 3 labels:
- Benno
- Gregorius
- Nivard
Name the Trappist breweries of United States
Spencer
(Ceased production in 2022)
Name the Trappist breweries of Netherlands
Zundert
.
Konigshoeven
(aka: La Trappe)
Name the Trappist Breweries
What are their respective countries of production?
BELGIUM
(W-CROW)
Westmalle
.
Chimay
.
Rochefort
.
Orval
.
Westvleteren
.
NETHERLANDS
Koningshoeven
(aka: La Trappe)
.
Zundert
.
FRANCE
Monts des Cats
- actually brewed at Chimay in Belgium though
- not pictured…
.
AUSTRIA
Stift Engelszell
.
ITALY
Tre Fontane
.
SPAIN
Cardeña
.
ENGLAND
Mt. Saint Bernard
.
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Others that are no longer Trappist:
Mariawald
- Germany
- ceased production in 1956…
Achel
- Belgium
- Stripped of Trappist status in 2021 because brewing was no longer supervised by local monks
Spencer
- Massachussetts, USA
- Closed the brewery in 2022
What is California Common?
This is a style of Lager that is fermented at warm temperatures.
\~ 55° - 60° F
.
aka: Steam Beer
It is fermented at the upper temperature ranges of Lager production, or at the lower temperature ranges of Ale production.
