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Ruminant Nutrition > Beef Production Final Exam > Flashcards

Beef Production Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What operations can be used to supply heifers, feeders, calves and yearlings to backgrounding or stocking operations

A

seedstock/showstock operations
commercial cow-calf operations
dairy operations
auction market

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2
Q

What is the average number of head in Missouri cow operations when rounded to a whole integr

A

45

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3
Q

What is commonly perceived by calf buyers as an indicator of health status

A

USDA thickness score

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4
Q

Why do heifers sold for the purpose of beef production typically sell for less money than steers at the same body weight

A

Less potential gain

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5
Q

Typically calves that have a ______ body weight at marketing sell for ______ per pound but ______ per head

A

heavier
less
more

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6
Q

Factors that can impact nutrient requirements of beef cows

A

body composition
breed
body weight/size
physiological state

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7
Q

typical age at calving for most beef cows in the US

A

24 months

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8
Q

Generally a cow is thought to have achieved its mature body size between ____ years of age

A

5 to 6

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9
Q

when in the annual production cycle are the nutrient requirements of a mature beef cow the greates

A

soon after calving

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10
Q

Which of the following management strategies most effectively allows producers to meet the nutrient requirements of different reproductive females within their herd?

A

Group cattle with similar nutrient requirement

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11
Q

To remain in the herd, a first calf heifer must be able to accomplish which of the following physiological activites

A

meet maintenance nutrient requirements
support requirements needed for fetal growth
support own requirements for growth
support requirements for lactation

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12
Q

Generally, first calf heifers have a ______ level of feed intake, are _______ in the social heirarchy, produce ______ milk and give birth to calves with _______birth weights in comparison to mature cows within the herd

A

Smaller
lower
less
lighter

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13
Q

As a cows increase body size the daily nutrient requirements of the cow ______ at a ____ rate

A

increase
decreasing

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14
Q

Which of the following are common behavioral changes among cows to accommodate greater energy requirements for thermogenesis when temperatures fall below the thermal neutral zone

A

increase feed intake

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15
Q

When is the greatest decrease in a cow’s nutrient requirements within an annual production system

A

after weaning

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16
Q

which of the following can be useful in determining if cows or heifers are meeting their nutrient requirements

A

measure of BCS
nutrient analysis of forage

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17
Q

which of the following management techniques can be used to alter the cow’s nutrient requirements withing the annual production cycle without having a large impact on perpetual production

A

change time of weaning

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18
Q

Typically birth weight of calves tends to be less in a ____ calving system

A

fall

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19
Q

decreased birth weight in response to gestational nutrient restriction can lead to which of the following

A

reduced vigor
increased time to suckle
reduced cold tolerance
slow growth trajectory of calves

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20
Q

Generally, colostrum volume is ____ in nutrient restricted dams but immunoglobulin concentration is ______

A

reduced
increased

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21
Q

typically, placental growth ______ across pregnancy in cows

A

increases at an increasing rate

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22
Q

Placental growth is important because it is closely related to birth weight in cattle

A

true

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23
Q

more often than not, _______ will provide better estimates of nutrient content in forage than use of ________

A

wet chemistry analyses
near infrared spectroscopy

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24
Q

What does KPI stand for

A

key performance indicator

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25
Q

what losses would be reflected by a lower pounds of calves weaned per cow exposed

A

calf death loss prior to weaning
failure of cows to conceive
calf death loss at calving

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26
Q

a cow that conceived early in the breeding season will, on average, produce more revenue in the next production year than a cow that conceived later in the breeding system

A

True

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27
Q

What are the two biggest causes of dystocia in cattle

A

inadequate pelvic area
large calf size

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28
Q

Define stocking rate versus carrying capacity

A

number of animal units placed on the operation= stocking rate
number of animal unit days available for grazing= carrying capacity

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29
Q

What is the number one reason for calf mortality prior to harvesting

A

respiratory disease

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30
Q

it is proper practice to vaccinate a calf with a viral vaccine less than 30 days of age

A

false

31
Q

what is the best way to decrease/manage your inbreeding coefficient

A

replace your bulls every 3 years

32
Q

which of the following are factors that impact calf sale price

A

Breed
weight variation
Sex
Vaccination Status

33
Q

implant status does not have an impact on sale price

A

true

34
Q

what is the main benefit to using modified live vaccines

A

immunity provided similar to what would occur with natural infection, better protection against viruses

35
Q

How long is an MLV viable after rehydrating

A

30 minutes to an hour

36
Q

what is an attenuated virus

A

viable pathogen with reduced viral ability

37
Q

how do implants increase calf revenue

A

increase weaning weight

38
Q

forms that are acceptable methods for administration of drugs to newly received cattle in a backgrounder, stocker or feedlot operation

A

feed
dart gun
injections using a needle and syringe with cattle in a chute

39
Q

shipping stress is generally associated with _____ feed intake shortly after shipping

A

decreased

40
Q

shortly after arrival, newly received calves will typically

A

walk perimeter fencing

41
Q

which of the following pen modifications can be used to reduce shipping stress in newly received calves

A

add temporary bunks perpendicular to the permanent bunk
add temporary water tanks to the perimeter fence
overflow waterers
feed long-stem forage

42
Q

to achieve optimal intakes in receiving cattle, it is best to

A

gradually build intakes over time

43
Q

feces that stacks in cattle is generally associated with _____ dry matter content in feces and often indicates _____ diet digestibility

A

increased
decreased

44
Q

which of the following housing systems has the greatest space requirements per head

A

open lots

45
Q

partially covered pens are more commonly found in regions of the US with a true wet season

A

true

46
Q

which of the following housing systems, typically has the least space requirement for finishing cattle

A

slatted barn

47
Q

which of the following have a lesser requirement for linear feet of bunk space

A

calves that are nearly finished

48
Q

which of the following measures is most useful in determining success in the feedlot

A

costs of gain

49
Q

measures that are used to determine feed cost of gain

A

feed:gain
feed cost

50
Q

advantages of the step methods to adapting cattle to a finishing ration

A

easy to understand

51
Q

advantages of slide method to adapting cattle to finishing ration

A

rapid adaptation to new ration
most gradual approach to adapting to a new diet

52
Q

advantages of the limited maximum intake method to adapting cattle to a finishing ration

A

rapid adaptation to new ration
easy to understand

53
Q

dietary characteristics that most explains feed costs of gain

A

net energy for gain

54
Q

conventional feedlot rations typically contain

A

greater than 60 Mcal of NEg/cwt

55
Q

for optimal performance, feedlot rations should contain a minimum amount of crude protein between

A

12-13% of dry matter

56
Q

principle consequence of feeding protein to cattle in effort to supply energy i s

A

greater environmental impacts of beef production

57
Q

Greatest cost to finishing cattle is

A

feed

58
Q

which disease is associated with the greatest incidence of morbidity and mortality in calves newly received into a stocker/background or feedlot operation

A

Bovine respiratory disease

59
Q

why is pneumonia associated with increased risk of death and long term illness in beef cattle compared to other livestock such as pigs

A

less diffuse vasculature in the lung tissue

60
Q

Evaluation of lung tissues from harvest beef cattle indicates that ______of cattle experience either subclinical or clinical illness from BRD

A

over half

61
Q

Which of the following diseases can cause rough hair coats and slow gains in chronically infected animals and fever abortion or diarrhea in acutely infected animals

A

BVDV

62
Q

what is type of microorganisms associated with malignant edema, enterotoxaemia and ‘lock jaw’ in cattle

A

clostridia

63
Q

which of the following statements relate to metaphylaxis

A

can be implemented with feed grade antibiotics
can be described as the mass treatment of animals with antibiotics for the early treatment or prevention of disease
can be implemented with injectable antibiotics

64
Q

Which of the following are acceptable routes of drug delivery to treat sick cattle in a feedlot or stocker/backgrounder operation

A

injection with a dart and dart gun
including medication in feed
injection with a syringe and needle

65
Q

which of the following are related to the use of dart guns in treatment of cattle for disease

A

increased levels of cortisol

66
Q

recently received cattle feed intake is often ______ compared to amounts of feed intake observed several weeks after arrival

A

depressed

67
Q

which practices can aide in mitigating impacts of shipping stress on newly arrived calves

A

feed or top-dress feed with long-stem forage
add additional temporary bunks to the pen
add additional temporary water sources to the pen
overflow waterers

68
Q

Generally fiber in feedlot rations

A

should be provided to include at least 8% physically effective NDF in rations

is typically the most costly ingredient when evaluating impacts on costs of gain

must be at least 5 to 6 mm in length to provide physically effective fiber

69
Q

typically, cattle will sort diet ingredients and performance responses will suffer when the ration dry matter concentration is greater than __

A
70
Q

finishing rations fed to beef cattle should contain at least 12.6% crude protein to optimize performance responses

A

true

71
Q

which of the following periods typically have the greatest feed costs of gains among cattle when fed for slaughter in a feedlot

A

The last 30 days
The first 30 days

72
Q

Feeding stocker calves an energy dense diet that maximizes rates of gain during the stocker will often _____ final carcass weight

A

decrease

73
Q

which of the following business models in custom feeding offers the greatest amount of transparency between the cattle owner and cattle feeder

A

yardage

74
Q

which of the following custom feeding business models results in the greatest amount of risk to the feeder and least amount of risk to the cattle owner

A

fixed cost of gain

Ruminant Nutrition (2 decks)

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