Beef Feedlot Flashcards by Shari vandePol

Why are there peak of the number of marketed cattle in spring & fall?

Less severe in Ontario than Alberta (Alberta goes up 3x as high)

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Why does the price per pound drop?

Peaks in May, less animals available, more expensive to feed getting to that time.

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Who gets sicker, ranch-placed calves or auction market calves?

Auction market (1.5% against about 3%)

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How does shipping affect calf sickness?

Distance has little to do with it.

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How do you choose your vaccination regime for calves you are

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What are the riskiest procedures for animal health?

dehorning, castration, MLV vaccines on arrival

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When should we process calves after receiving them?

At 4 weeks, or less than 48 hours, but never in between
Lowest risk of mortality 4 weeks. They are already about to break with a disease.
Lowest when on dry hay as opposed to corn silage

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How does giving a modified Iive vaccine affect mortality rate?E

doubles mortality (2% compared to 1%). The MLV vaccines more you stack, the worse.

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When should you vaccinate to BVD?

Before arrival in the feedlot. A pre-vaccination program will protect against meeting PI calves in transport etc.

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Between IBR/BVD/PI-3/BRS/P.haemolytica, which is least common for a calf to see in the first month?

IBR

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Between IBR/BVD/PI-3/BRS/P.haemolytica, which is most common to cause morbidity in a calf within the first month?

BVD in the first month = sickness; second to that is Influenza

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Between IBR/BVD/PI-3/BRS/P.haemolytica, which is most common to cause morbidity in a calf after the first month?

IBR

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What do we do when we process cattle into the feedlot?

Eartag
Brand
Vaccinate
Parasiticide
Anabolic implant
Long-acting metaphylaxis
Castration
Dehorning (after a month in there)

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What do we vaccinate against when we process cattle into the feedlot?

IBR/PI1/BVD/BRSV (MLV)
clostridial (including tetanus if “banding” for castration)
M. haemolytica
H. somni

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What parasites do we treat against when we process cattle into the feedlot?

lice
warbles
lungworm
GI
nematoes

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How does the M. haemolytic vaccine work?

Won’t do anything for morbidity but will reduce relapse & mortality

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Re-processing - what do you do (3)

Re-implant (usually trenbolone acetate based)
Re-vaccinate against IBR
Abortion program - where indicated (or mass Pg at arrival)

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Describe the correlation between pneumonia treatment rate & fibrinous mortality pneumonia risk.

Impossible to see a good correlation between treatment rate & mortality rate

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What is your goal w.r.t. pen size?

Fill your pen in 7 days and preferably no more than 150/group. More bullers in large group.

What increases the number of bullers?

More animals.

What is the risk of mortal fibrinous pneumonia w.r.t. the number of calves going through the system in a group? (e.g. 300 calves, 2 ranches etc)

The fewer sources, the less fibrinous pneumonia

What is the “November Effect”?

5-7x as high risk in October & November because there is a greater influx of calves during that time. This could be due to the crew not working as well, pulling animals later; calf availability in the market; not moving as fast through the marketing system; auction trucks/markets are getting contaminated

Respiratory diseases do not live on inanimate ojbtes, they live on animals

True

How long until a newly arrived calf’s dry matter intake is up to standard?

It is 2 weeks before a calf’s dry matter intake is what it should be. (Keep hay there for 2 weeks). You need to put the hay into the TMR
Reduce the hay after 2 weeks. Then the animals can be on silage based dies. Resp disease, wait 3 weeks.

How should you give antimicrobials against resp disease to newly processed cables?

Don't put antimicrobials in feed or water, not cost efficient & can't tell how much they get. Inject them.

What should a newly arrived feeder calf's dry matter intake be?

They should be eating 2.3-2.5% of their body in dry matter. | Compensitory gain.

What is the case definition for disease detection for UBRD?

depression, anorexia, absence of other body system involvement AND febrile

How do you differentiate upper resp tract disease from early bacterial pneumonia at the stage the animals need to be treated?

YOU ARE NO BETTER THAN THE CLIENT AT DIFFERENTIATING UPPER RESPIRATORY DISEASE (VIRUS) FROM EARLY BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

If you treat early how do you affect the case fatality rate?

33% vs. 5-10%

How do you find sick animals in a pen?

Look first before walking in. Sick animals likely won't be eating or drinking, but will be in the corners. If they are lying down then they likely aren't chewing their cud.

What happens if you try to find sick animals by taking their temperatures?

Using fever alone leads to massive over-treatment but may be logical at on-arrival processing (few febrile but high risk of death due to disease that may be hard to detect visually)

Good hospital management technieques

If they are sick at first, treat & send back; Use long-acting antibiotics for therapy Don't overcrowd

How would you avoid using unnecessary products?

Don't use on calves that are 700 lbs in Jan for instance M. haemolytica in low risk groups (yearlings, Ont. feedlots) Metaphylactic antibiotics - low risk calves, most yearlings

When do you use early therapy (metaphylaxis)?

fall of the year, mixed transported, young calves 1. at arrival 2. wreck index: >= 9% in the last 3 days (including today's pulls)

What is effective treatment w.r.t. biologicals & antimicrobials?

Clear simple protocol with max 2 or 3 antibiotics | Discurage ancillary drugs unless dyspnea (per acute pasteurellosis or acute interstitial pneumonia)

What is an example treatment protocol

Pull based on depression & lack of rumen fill/anorexia 2. Get temp, base treatment on that < 40 & normal, none < 40 depressed/resp/dyspnea -> micotil & flunixin and hospital >= 40 micotil & home 3. if in hospital take temp again 4. if home, visual check 4 days later 5. If sick again at some point use a second line drug e.g. nuflor

Florfenicol (nuflor)

drug with excellent ability to penetrate tissues; does not cause aplastic anemia as does the other member of its group

Tilmilcotin (micotil)

macrolide antibiotic that has produced deaths in people who have accidentally or intentionally injected themselves

Tulathromycin (draxxin)

What is it

Why wouldn't you use Excenel (ceftiofur) or exceed for mycoplasma?

XNL or exceed - don't work on mycoplasma - cell wall. Can't use beta lactams on mycoplasma

Which drug has the lowest withdrawal time?

Ceftiofur (0)

If you give tetracycline why would you not treat with Spectinomycin, Timicosin or Tetracycline again if treating for M. haemolytica?

They would be resistant.

What is a good system to cull refractory cases?

Utilize the chronic pen and "run" weekly

Where should your RFID tags be placed?

In the proximal 1/3rd of the year Growth implants in the middle 1/3rd of the ear Management tags in the distal 3rd of the ear, but not too close to the edge.

Residue avoidance/quality programs

– animal ID, records – cross referencing at slaughter – avoidance of extra-label drug use – use short withdrawal drug where possible after a certain weight or days on feed (eg. ceftiofur) – Beef quality / HACCP education