Beef Cattle Nutrition Flashcards
1
Q
General features of Cow-Calf operations
A
- herd of cows bred each year to produce calves
- calves sold to cattle feeders
- land unsuitable for crops
- dependent on roughages
- cows on pasture with little grain
2
Q
General features of Cattle Feeders/Feedlots
A
- grow/finish calves until market
- animals confined and fed on grain
3
Q
General features of Purebred Breeders
A
- keep herd of purebred stocks
- provide replacement bulls and heifers
- requires knowledge and skill
- high costs
4
Q
Describe the “Finishing Immediately” System
A
- more grain and less roughages
- fed on grain until processing
- suitable for heavier animals
5
Q
Describe the “Deferred Finishing” System
A
- more roughages, less grain
- calves bought in fall, wintered on roughage
- pastured during the summer
- next fall, fully fed on grain in feedlots
6
Q
What are the goals for the following? Calf crop Calving interval Calf weaning weight Average age at weaning
A
calf crop: 90%
interval: 365 days
weight: 45-50% of cow weight
age: 150-180 days (6 months)
7
Q
What is the desired BCS for the following: Maintenance/mid-gestation Late gestation + parturition Breeding Lactation
A
M: 4.5
G+P: 5.5
B: 5
L: 4.5
8
Q
What is the hungry calf gap?
A
the difference in milk required by calf, and milk available from the cow
9
Q
What are the symptoms of Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema?
A
- panting
- coughing
- breathing difficulties
10
Q
Describe Brisket disease
A
- heart condition (enlargement)
- associated with high altitudes
- swelling of lower neck and brisket
11
Q
What is Enterotoxemia?
Who does it affect?
A
- over-eating disease
- Clostridium perfringens
- affects cattle on high concentrate diet
12
Q
What are the symptoms of enterotoxemia?
A
- lameness
- blood diarrhea
- bloating
- death in 24 hours
13
Q
What causes Fescue toxicity?
A
- fescue contaminated with Neotyphodium coenophialum
- produces ergot type alkaloids
14
Q
What are the symptoms of Fescue toxicity?
A
- do not shed winter coat
- thin and feverish
- reduced calving
- reduced calf weight
- fescue foot: gangrene
15
Q
What is Fluorosis?
What are the symptoms?
A
- poisoning due to excessive fluorine contents in water or feed]
- abnormal teeth and bones, stiff joints, diarrhea, appetite loss
