Beef Cattle Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

General features of Cow-Calf operations

A
  • herd of cows bred each year to produce calves
  • calves sold to cattle feeders
  • land unsuitable for crops
  • dependent on roughages
  • cows on pasture with little grain
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2
Q

General features of Cattle Feeders/Feedlots

A
  • grow/finish calves until market

- animals confined and fed on grain

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3
Q

General features of Purebred Breeders

A
  • keep herd of purebred stocks
  • provide replacement bulls and heifers
  • requires knowledge and skill
  • high costs
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4
Q

Describe the “Finishing Immediately” System

A
  • more grain and less roughages
  • fed on grain until processing
  • suitable for heavier animals
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5
Q

Describe the “Deferred Finishing” System

A
  • more roughages, less grain
  • calves bought in fall, wintered on roughage
  • pastured during the summer
  • next fall, fully fed on grain in feedlots
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6
Q
What are the goals for the following?
Calf crop
Calving interval
Calf weaning weight
Average age at weaning
A

calf crop: 90%

interval: 365 days
weight: 45-50% of cow weight
age: 150-180 days (6 months)

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7
Q
What is the desired BCS for the following:
Maintenance/mid-gestation
Late gestation + parturition
Breeding
Lactation
A

M: 4.5
G+P: 5.5
B: 5
L: 4.5

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8
Q

What is the hungry calf gap?

A

the difference in milk required by calf, and milk available from the cow

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema?

A
  • panting
  • coughing
  • breathing difficulties
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10
Q

Describe Brisket disease

A
  • heart condition (enlargement)
  • associated with high altitudes
  • swelling of lower neck and brisket
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11
Q

What is Enterotoxemia?

Who does it affect?

A
  • over-eating disease
  • Clostridium perfringens
  • affects cattle on high concentrate diet
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12
Q

What are the symptoms of enterotoxemia?

A
  • lameness
  • blood diarrhea
  • bloating
  • death in 24 hours
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13
Q

What causes Fescue toxicity?

A
  • fescue contaminated with Neotyphodium coenophialum

- produces ergot type alkaloids

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of Fescue toxicity?

A
  • do not shed winter coat
  • thin and feverish
  • reduced calving
  • reduced calf weight
  • fescue foot: gangrene
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15
Q

What is Fluorosis?

What are the symptoms?

A
  • poisoning due to excessive fluorine contents in water or feed]
  • abnormal teeth and bones, stiff joints, diarrhea, appetite loss
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16
Q

What regions is Nitrate poisoning common?

A

Mid USA

  • Dakotas through Texas
  • Washington State
17
Q

What is Founder?

What is the cause?

A
  • inflammation and swelling of the foot connective tissue

- caused by over-eating concentrates and/or standing in the stall for too long

18
Q

What causes rumenitis?

A
  • Fusobacterium necrophorum
  • animals fed on grain and low roughage, rapid fermentation, lactic acidosis, abnormal development of rumen bacteria, Fusobacterium enters blood
19
Q

What is the cause of white muscle disease?

A
  • Se/Vitamin E deficiency

- accumulation of free radicals

20
Q

Name 4 poisonous plants

A
  • Wild black cherry
  • Pokeweed
  • Yew
  • Red oak