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AGR2350 > Beef > Flashcards

Beef Flashcards

1
Q

what is the goal for the cow-calf cycle?

A

one healthy, heavy calf from each cow, each year

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2
Q

at what age are calves separated from cows

A

six months

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3
Q

goal of weaning? broad

A

low stress (reduces susceptibility to illness)

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4
Q

what is a quiet wean

A

using the nose plug so the calf can not drink milk

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5
Q

describe winter feeding

A

cow is dry and pregnant
- nutrient requirements low
- saves cost (feed, labour)

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6
Q

goals of finishing cattle

A
  • increasing carcass weight
  • add fat cover and marbeling
  • increases carvass value and meat quality
  • minimize time on feed (4-6 months on high grain diet)
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7
Q

what are the three methods of feeding feedlot cattle?

A
  1. TMR; most common
  2. component: components are fed separately, hard to monitor individual roughage intake
  3. self0 fed: refil feeders as needed
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8
Q

when are cattle at highest risk for disease?

A

when recieving cattle

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9
Q

describe stress associated when receiving cattle

A
  • comingled, transported, new surroundings
  • unknown vaccinations
  • may have never eaten out of a munk
  • adapt slowly to high grain diet
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10
Q

describe the process of rumen acidosis

A
  1. grains are fermented
  2. bacterial growth rates increase
  3. ph decreases
  4. increased lactate production
  5. ph decreased
  6. bacterial growth rates decrease
  7. enzymatic activity of fibrolytic microorganisms
  8. lactate production increases
  9. ph decreases
  10. lactobacillus increases
  11. lactate increases
  12. ph decreases even further
  13. death
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11
Q

describe liver abscesses

A
  • ruminant acidosis and gut barrier dysfunctiom
  • fusobacterium necrophorum
  • highly prevalent
  • impacts growth
  • most common in holsteins
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12
Q

describe in-feed antibiotics for liver abscesses

A
  • must be prescribed
  • tyrosine phosphate (gram positive bacteria(
  • short withdrawal time
  • decreases fusobacterium necrophorum and actinomuces pyogens
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13
Q

what is an alternative to in feed antibiotics

A

decreased roughage levels

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14
Q

why are ear implants used?

A
  • replaces hormones from castration
  • improves feed efficiency
  • increased ADG
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15
Q

what are the two main types of implants?

A

androgenic (trenblone and testosterone)
estrogenic (estradiol, zeranol)

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16
Q

how do implants work

A
  • slowly release hormones into blood stream
  • enhances protein deposition (increase rate of protein gain)
  • increases lean to fat ratio (increases liveweight to attain carcass fatness and marbling)
  • increases growth of bone (cattle can look older than they are, over 30 months of age prices get docked)
17
Q

at what age do beef cattle get discounted

A

30 months

18
Q

describe the reduc tion of resources seen when using implants

A
  • 11% more beed with 20% less cattle
19
Q

when are carcassess inspected

A
  • ante mordem
  • post mordem
  • veterinarian
20
Q

who does carcass inspection federally

A

canadian food inspection agency

21
Q

who does carcass inspection provincially

A

ontario ministry of agriculture, food and rural affairs

22
Q

what are the challenges in the packing industry

A
  1. increasing carcass size
  2. more yield 2 cattle (more fat trim)
  3. variation in tenderness (tough steaks), genetics cal help
23
Q

what is rendering

A

the recycling fo used cooking oils and inedible by-products from the meat processing industries into useable products like fats and protein meals

24
Q

how much of a cow do we not eat

A

49%

25
Q

what is in the raw material

A

60% water, 20% fat, 20% proteins/minerals

26
Q

who are the customers of rendered products

A

feed industry, pet food industry, manufacturing

27
Q

how is the raw discarded rendered materials processed

A

0- evaporation and treating of water
- sterilization from bacteria and viruses
- separation of fat and protein

28
Q

what are the products of the rendered protein meal

A

pet feed, livestick feed, fertilizers

29
Q

what are the products of the rendered tallow

A

soap, feeds, glycerin, acids

AGR2350 (4 decks)

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