bee PQ Flashcards
Where do you see the symptoms of Ascaphaerosis larvarum?
Larvas eat the spores and they penetrate the gut wall and cuticle of the thorax. Larva becomes fluffy and swollen and covered in white cotton like mycelium. The larva in the cell resembles a chunk of chalk. Fruiting bodies can be seen on the dead larvas. Larva dies within the first 2 days after their cell has been capped.
Life of the workers
- 21 days (3 + 6 + 12)
- 1-2 days - cleaning of cells
- 3-5 days - feeding older larvae
- 6-11 days - feeding younger larvae
- 12-17 days - comb construction
- 18-21 days - gardening, defending function
- From 22nd day - foraging for pollen and nectar
Life of a queen
• 16 days (3 + 5 + 8)
• Life of a drone
• 24 days (3 + 7 + 14)
• The dance of the bee
- It’s a way bees show each other where they have found nectar and pollen. With the help of the location of the sun and the gravity they can signal to other workers where they need to go.
- Round dance and waggle dance
• What does Nosema infect?
- It’s a parasitic infection in adults (mostly workers but also queen and drones)
- It affects the epithelium of the mid-gut
• What colours does the bees see, and which do they not see?
• They can see UV light, but not red light - it looks black to them
• For how many hours can you lock the beehive?
• For maximum of 72 hours
• How long do you have to boil the comb?
• On 49 degrees C for 24 hours to get rid of all stages of wax moths.
• Which diseases belong to the OIE-B?
- Acarapiosis of bees
- American and European foul brood
- Nosemosis of bees
- Varroosis
- Asian mite: Tropilaelaps clareae, T. Mercedesae
• What is honeydew?
• It is a classification of honey that refers to honey produced by honeybees collecting nectar that is exuded from another insect such as an aphid or scale insect. Very common is the one from black forest in Germany.
• When do the bees produce the most wax?
- When they want to build and strengthen the comb and produce more cells
- Mostly between 12-17 days
• When did they first observe Varroa destructor in Hungary?
• 1978 in Hungary (1970s in Europe)
• Which disease smells sour?
• EFB (European foul brood) gives sour smell of the larvae
• Which disease causes a gondola like scale?
• SBV (Sacbrood virus) - cause a dried out larva with this shape
• How many days are needed for the larvae to develop from the egg?
• 3 days
• Write the tasks of the workers
- 1-2 days - cleaning of cells
- 3-5 days - feeding older larvae
- 6-11 days - feeding younger larvae
- 12-17 days - comb construction
- 18-21 days - gardening, defending function
- From 22nd day - foraging for pollen and nectar
• How many brood cells can be collected from 10 x 10 comb?
• 800 - 850 brood cells (300-350gram honey)
• Treatment and prevention of Nosemosis apium?
- Treatment: Fumagillin or other antibiotics and disinfection of the hives and combs (if no honey or pollen is present formalin or acetic acid can be used)
- Prevention: Move the colonies to a new place in the autumn, give sufficient syrup and disinfect the hives and combs
• When does Nosemosis occur?
• At the end of winter and in spring time
• List the names of the European and Indian honey bees?
- European: Apis mallifera
* Indian: Apis cerana
• What is the pathogen of chalk brood?
• Ascosphaera apis (Pericystis apis)
• Which are zoonotic?
• Stone brood disease: Aspergillus fumigates and A. flavus
• Write 4 names of drugs to treat Varroosis?
- Amitraz (Apivar)
- Cymazol (Apitol)
- Perizin
- Fluvalinat (Apistan)
- Flumetrin (Bayvarol)
- Formic acid - mite treatment in winter