Becker - Module 2 Flashcards
In general, what are the criteria for revenue recognition under US GAAP?
Earned and realized or realizable. The following four criteria must be met before revenue can be recognized:
- ) Persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists
- ) Delivery has occurred or services have been rendered
- ) The price is fixed and determinable
- ) Collection is reasonably assured
What are the four categories of revenue transactions under IFRS and what are the common revenue recognition criteria for these categories?
1.) Sales of goods
2.) Rendering of services
3.) Revenue from interest, royalties, and dividends
4.) Construction contracts
Common revenue recognition criteria include:
- Revenues and costs can be reliably measured
- It is probable that economic benefits will flow to the entity
Each category has additional criteria
When should revenue from the performance of services be recognized under US GAAP and IFRS?
US GAAP: in the period in which the services have been rendered and are able to be billed
IFRS: Using the percentage of completion method when the outcome of the transaction can be estimated reliably
What are the conditions for revenue recognition when the right of return exists?
- The sales price is substantially fixed at the time of sale
- The buyer assumes all risks of loss because the goods are considered in the buyer’s possession
- The buyer has paid some form of consideration
- The product sold is substantially complete
- The amount of future returns can be reasonably estimated
Name an example of both 1) accelerated and 2) deferred revenue recognition relative to normal recognition when revenue is recognized at the time goods are transferred.
- The percentage-of-completion method of long-term construction accounting is an example of accelerated revenue recognition
- The installment method (or cost recovery method) is an example of deferred revenue recognition
How are purchased intangible assets and internally developed intangible assets recorded under US GAAP and IFRS?
Purchased Intangible Assets: recorded at cost, including legal and registration fees, under US GAAP and IFRS
Internally Developed Intangible Assets:
- Legal fees, costs of successful defense, registration fees, consulting fees, and design fees can be capitalized under US GAAP and IFRS
- Under US GAAP, research and development costs must be expensed. Under IFRS, research costs must be expensed, but development costs may be capitalized if they meet certain criteria.
How are the intangible assets reported under US GAAP and IFRS?
US GAAP: reported at cost less amortization (finite life intangibles only) and impairment.
IFRS: reported using the cost model (sames as US GAAP) or the revaluation model. Under the revaluation model, reported at fair value on revaluation date less subsequent amortization and impairment
How should the contractual amounts of future services to be performed under a franchise agreement be accounted for by 1) the franchisor and 2) the franchisee?
They should be recorded at their present value as unearned revenue by the franchisor until earned and as an intangible asset by the franchisee.
Define start up costs.
What is the accounting treatment of start-up costs?
- Costs incurred for one-time activities to start a new operation. Start-up costs include costs incurred in the formation of a corporation.
- Start-up costs are expensed in the period incurred.
Define goodwill
- Excess of the fair value of a subsidiary over the fair value of the subsidiary’s net assets.
- Costs of maintaining and/or developing goodwill cannot be capitalized.
What is the maximum period over which an identifiable intangible asset (not goodwill) should be amortized?
- The shorter of its estimated useful economic life and its remaining legal life (as in a copyright, franchise, or patent).
- Goodwill is not amortized, but must be tested at least annually for impairment.
What is the proper treatment of research and development costs under US GAAP and IFRS?
US GAAP: Research and development costs should be expensed as incurred unless an expenditure is for capital assets that have alternative future uses, or for research and development undertaken on behalf of others under a contractual arrangement.
IFRS: Research costs must be expensed. Development costs may be capitalized if they meet certain criteria.
List some items not considered research and development costs.
- Routine periodic design changes
- Marketing research
- Quality control testing
- Reformation of a chemical compound
When should the costs of developing computer software for resale, lease, or licensing be capitalized under US GAAP?
After technological feasibility has been established and before the product is released for sale.
How should the costs of capitalized computer software developed for resale be amortized under US GAAP?
Annual amortization is the greater of:
Percent of Revenue Method:
Total capitalized amount * (Current gross revenue for the period / total projected gross revenue for product)
Straight-line:
Total capitalized amount * (1 / estimate of economic life)
Outline the treatment of computer software developed internally or obtained for internal use only under US GAAP
- Expense costs incurred in the preliminary project state and costs incurred in training and maintenance
- Capitalize costs incurred after preliminary project state and for upgrades and enhancements
- Capitalized costs should be amortized on a straight-line basis
What is the test of recoverability for the impairment of long-lived assets other than goodwill under US GAAP?
Finite life: If undiscounted future cash flows expected from use of asset and eventual disposal is less than the carrying value, recognize loss on impairment.
Indefinite life: If fair value is less than carrying value, recognize loss on impairment.
