BEC 4: Information Systems and Communications Flashcards
What are the five components of information technology?
- Hardware
- Software
- Network
- People
- a. Data
b. Information
What set of software is one of the most basic and vital info. technology components of any business, and what categories can it be divided into?
The “Business Info. System” (“BIS”)
1, Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
- Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
- Decision Support Systems (aka business intelligence systems) (DSS)
- Executive Info. Systems (EIS)
In a business info. center, what are the four primary roles in business operations?
- To process detailed data (such as transaction data) - TPS
- To provide info. used for making daily decisions - DSS
- To provide info. used for developing business strategies - LT business decisions - EIS
- To take orders from customers
What is an accounting info. system, and what is the sequence of events in an AIS?
Most important to accountant; type of mngt. info. system; can be partly a TPS; well designed creates audit trail.
Input: Source Document (invoice, timecard) -> Journal -> Ledger -> Trial Balance -> Output: Fin. State. Reports * Source Document ->(store file)-> File original paper source document
What are the five transaction cycles of an AIS?
- Rev. cycle
- Expenditure cycle
- Production cycle
- HR/payroll cycle
- Financing cycle
`What are the four functional areas that make up the data processing cycle?
- Data input
- Data storage
- Data processing
- Info. output
What are periodic scheduled reports?
Traditional reports; display info. in a predefined format; available on a regular basis.
What are exception reports?
Produced when a specific condition or exception occurs; ex.) all balances > $1,000
What are demand reports?
“Pull” report; available on demand; response report without waiting for report creation.
What are ad hoc reports?
Created on demand without programmer; use of queries.
What are push reports?
Info. “pushed” to a computer; ex.) push report sent to inv. manager any time supplier is late.
What are dashboard reports?
Present summary info. necessary for mngt. action; generally visual quick references.
What is XBRL?
Extensible Business Reporting Language derived from XML (Extensible Markup Language); tags defined data; indicate taxonomy used; report/analyze data.
What is a TPS? Example?
Transaction Processing System - process and record the routine daily transactions necessary to conduct business - predefined - highly structured - ex.) Sales order entry and tracking, reservation systems, payroll and HR systems, and Acct. systems.
What is a MIS?
Mngt. Info. System - provides users predefined reports that support effective business decisions - provides feedback on daily operations - fin. and non-fin. info. to support decisions - int. and ext. info.
What is a DSS? Example?
Decision Support System - extension of MIS that provides interactive tools to support decision making - assist managers in making dialing business decisions - expert system - ex.) Production planning, inv. control, bid preparation, rev. optimization, traffic planning, and inv. planning systems.
What is an EIS? Example?
Executive Info. System - only used by top managers - provide executives with immediate and easy access to int. and ext. info. to assist in strategic decisions. - ex.) Sales forecasting, profit planning, key performance indicators, macroeconomic data, and financial reports.
What is an SDLC and its related steps?
System Development Life Cycle - provides a framework for planning and controlling the detailed activities associated with systems development:
A DITTO
- systems Analysis
- Design (conceptual and physical)
- Implementation and conversion
- Training
- Testing
- Operations and maintenance.
What are the five participants in business process design?
- Mngt. - provide support and encouragement and align IS with corporate strategies.
- Accts. - determine info. needs and system requirements - help manage systems development - active role in design of controls and monitor and test.
- IS Steering Committee - executive level - plan and oversee IS function - set governing policies for AIS - ensure top mngt. participate, guidance, and control. - facilitate coordination and integration of IS activities to increase goal congruence and decrease goal conflict.
- Project Development Team - responsible for success, design and implementation, user acceptance, monitoring, managing human element, communication, and risk mngt.
- External Parties - customers, vendors, auditors, and gov’t entities.
What is COBIT, what does it assist with, who was it created by and when, and when was it updated?
“Control Objectives for Info. & Related Technology” framework that provides a set of measures, indicators, processes, and best practices to maximize the benefit of IT; assist with IT governance and mngt. - created by IS Audit & Control Association (ISACA) and IT Governance Institute (ITGI) in 1992 - updated: COBIT 5 in 2012.
What five focus areas frame IT governance in the COBIT framework?
- Strategic Alignment
- Value Delivery
- Resource Mngt.
- Risk Mngt.
- Performance Measurement
COBIT describes the business requirements for info. with what 7 distinct criteria?
- ICE RACE
1. Integrity: accuracy, completeness, validity
2. Confidentiality: protection of sensitive info.
3. Efficiency: info. delivery through optimal use of resources (low cost w/o compromising effect)
4. Reliability: info. represents what it purports to represent
5. Availability: provide current and future info. as required
6. Compliance: w/ policies, laws, regulations, contracts
7. Effectiveness: relevant or pertinent to a business process, and delivered in a timely, correct, consistent, and useful manner.
What do IT resources consist of and are referred to as in COBIT?
“Enterprise Architecture for IT”
- Applications - ex.) billing and payroll systems
- Info. - ex.) raw, processed, and output
- Infrastructure - ex.) hardware, operating system, networking, and physical plant.
- People
What are the 4 domains of the COBIT Framework?
*PO AIDS ME
Direct PO Plan & Organize
Solution AI Acquire & Implement
Service DS Deliver & Support
Ensure Direction Followed ME Monitor & Evaluate
