Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Beaches > Beaches Exam 1 > Flashcards

Beaches Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is there a global-scale organization of the Earth’s surface that controls the gneeral nature of the coasts?

A

Yes, theory of plate tectonic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Can we put the world’s continents together like pieces of jigsaw puzzles?

A

Yes, Wegener did it in 1912.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the top layer?

A

The top rigid layer is the Crust, made of granite and basaltic rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the middle layer?

A

The mantle includes the second and third rigid layer and a plastic layer sandwiched in between the two. It’s made of silicate materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the bottom?

A

The core made of iron with nickel and sulfur. Two parts the outer core is molten and the in layer is rigid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the six layers of earth by physical properties?

A

Ocean, Lithosphere:First (crust) and second (part of mantle) rigid layer, Asthenosphere: plastic layer, Mesosphere: third rigid layer, Outer core: molten and Inner core: rigid.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is the ocean crust more or less dense than the continental crust?

A

More dense at 2.9, than the crust of 2.7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What evidence supports the plate techonic theory?

A

1) Global distribution of seismis activities
2) Magnetic stripes caused by normal and reverse polar magnetism recorded inthe crust symmetrically on both sides of the oceanic ridges.
3) The youngest crust lies closest to the oceanic ridge and consistant aging of the ridge in both directions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is new sea floor made?

A

New sea floor is formed at the mid-ocean ridge and subducted back into the mantle at the subduction zone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the order of life of an ocean?

A

1) uplifting and rifting - african lake baikal
2) spreading-red sea
3) continued spreading
4) continued spreading and formation of subduction zone
5) subduction-atlantic and pacific
6) Collision-med sea
7) Suturing-himalayas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is first order?

A

Large geographic distances, thousands of kilometers or more.

ex. entire coast and the relationship to plate boundaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WHat is second order?

A

Distances of tens to hundreds of kilometers

ex.outer banks and mississippi delta, influenced by smaller scale factors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is third scale?

A

a few kileometers in length. Affected by short term processes that last for years to decades, may be controlled by local conditions. ex. beaches and inlets along Pinellas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the continental margin?

A

It is includes the continental shelf 100+m, slope (very steep or gradual) and rise leads to abysal plain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the leading edge of the continent?

A

It is along subduction boundaries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a subduction zone?

A

It is where the oceanic lithosphere and astenosphere are subducted under the continental lithosphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where is the marginal sea coast?

A

Protected by volcanic island arc boundaries, behave like trailing edge, may have large deltas, smaller waves. ex.between Japan and asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the trailing edge of the continent?

A

It is on the side of the continent with a spreading center. ex. atlantic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What charcterizes a leading coast?

A

Steep continental shelf, mountains ranges, large waves, submarine canyons and no large deltas. ex.Pacific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What characterizes a trailing edge coast?

A

gradual continental shelf, stable plates, small deltas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What affects weather conditions and coastal environments?

A

The oceans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What makes the weather?

A

Water vapor. only 0-4% of atmosphere, but is very important

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the major gases in the environment in order of importance.

A

Nitrogen, oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is small scale weather?

A

Tornadoes-minutes affects 1 km, thunderstorms-hours affects 10 km, fronts- hours to days affects 10+km

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is large scale weather?

A

Synoptic cyclones-months 10^3, monsoons-months, el nino-years 10^4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is global weather?

A

Climate change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where does hot air rises?

A

equator (tropics) and 60 (temperate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where does cold air fall?

A

30 (hot deserts) and poles (cold deserts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

where are the tradewind and westerlies?

A

tradewinds blow from the east at 30 to the west at the equator.
westerlies blow from the west at 30 to the east at 60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is meterology?

A

The study of atmospheric phenomena and their spatial and temporal behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Does water play a dynamic role in the atmosphere?

A

Yes, because it can change phases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

WHy are carbon dioxide and ozone important?

A

Radiative processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is radiation?

A

the study of energy transfer or heat exchange - conservation of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is thermodynamics?

A

The initial and final equilibrium states produced by energy processes or transformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is dynamics or hydrodynamics?

A

the study of motion of fluids in relation to force. conservation of momentum, energy and mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is coastal meteorology?

A

the study of atmospheric phenomena occuring in the coastal zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What is synpotic meteorlogy?

A

the use of meteorology data obtained instantly over a wide spread picture to present an comprehensive and instantaneous picture of the atmosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

what is air mass?

A

A wide spread body of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What makes air move?

A

density. Dry, cold air is densier, than warm moist air. Dense to least, cP, mP, cT, mT.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the Coriolis effect?

A

It is the effect of an object in the air above the earth does not move at the same speed as earth. this deflects object to the right in the northern hemisphere and the left in the southern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What direction do cyclones turn?

A

counterclockwise

42
Q

What direction do anticyclones turn?

A

clockwise

43
Q

What is a cold front?

A

Cold air displaces warm air mass causing heavy rain, wind and thunderstorms. bring cooler weather behind front. More significant in winter

44
Q

What is a warm front?

A

Warm air displaces cold air mass causing broad rain

45
Q

What is a cold occlusion?

A

THe coldest air is behind the cold front

46
Q

What is a warm occlusion?

A

The cold air is in front of the warm front

47
Q

What direction do cold fronts move?

A

Generally from NW to SE

48
Q

How is sand affected by a cold front?

A

It moves it from the north to the south.

49
Q

What is a tropical storm?

A

A cyclone that forms over a tropical ocean. move westward in the easterlies and drift poleward

50
Q

How does the temperature of the water affect the air pressure?

A

Warmer water makes the air lighter which makes the pressure low as it rises.

51
Q

What are the favorable conditions of a tropical storm?

A

1) SST higher than 26C
2) below normal pressure in low latitudes and above normal pressure in high latitudes.
3) existing tropical disturbance
4) movement less than 13 knots
5) decreasing wind speed with height, but updrafts
6) special dynamic conditions in air flow around 40,000ft
7) Heavy rain in the area

52
Q

Characteristics of a hurricane

A
  • Stays over warm water it strengthens
  • moves over land it weakens
  • moves fast north it weakens
53
Q

How many times has Tampa been hit by a Cat 5?

A

0

54
Q

What are the Cat of a hurricane?

A

1-74-95, 2-96-110, 3-111-130, 4-131-155, 5-155+

55
Q

What causes land/sea breezes?

A

temperature differences

56
Q

What happens in FL?

A

coast circulation brings air from sea to cool coastal residences in the afternoon

57
Q

What is upwelling?

A

It is when the upper surface water is pushed away from shore and cold nutrient rich water replaces it. As the wind blows down the shore, forces work at a 90 angle pushing the water at a 45.

58
Q

What is advection fog?

A

when warm air moves over cold water. this cools the air releasing water to fog.

59
Q

What is fog?

A

many tiny water droplets suspended in the atmosphere close to earth.

60
Q

What is the wave amplitude?

A

It is the distance of the wave from the crest to still wave level

61
Q

What is wavelength?

A

The distance of the wave from crest to crest

62
Q

What is wave steepness?

A

The ratio of the wave height to wave length

63
Q

What is wave height?

A

The distance from trough to crest

64
Q

What is wave direction?

A

The direction the wave is coming from, just like wind

65
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of waves that pass a fixed point per second.

66
Q

WHat scale are waves?

A

small scale

67
Q

What is the wave period?

A

The time between crest to crest

68
Q

What makes waves?

A

Most common -Wind

Other ways - less comon- earthquakes, tsunami, landslides

69
Q

How do you calculate wave speed (c)?

A

c= sq root of g(gravity) x h(water depth)

70
Q

What happens to the orbital motion of a wave particle with depth?

A

The diameter and velocity of the orbital motion decrease with depth and flattens toward seabed.

71
Q

How are waves measured?

A

Temproal domain- measure water level at high frequency

Spatial domain-picture of the ocean surface with waves

72
Q

How do we analyze waves?

A

Spectral analyzes-analyzing the distribution as a function of frequency
Zero crossing analysis-determining measurements as it crosses zero.

73
Q

What is significant wave height?

A

1/3 the height of the highest wave record

74
Q

What is a swell?

A

A wave generated at a long distance away. Have long wavelength and period

75
Q

What is seas?

A

A local wave, with short wave length and period

76
Q

What is important to wind generation?

A

wind duration, speed and fetch (size of body of water)

77
Q

What is Wave refraction?

A

waves bend as they enter shallow water. waves travel faster in deeper water.
Waves converge on penisulas and diverge on canyons.

78
Q

What is wave diffraction?

A

wave energy is transferred laterally along the wave

79
Q

What is wave reflection?

A

standing waves form from reflected waves. Waves can increase i size if not reflected correctly.
Out of phase-cancels, in phase builds

80
Q

What is wave shoaling?

A

Decreases wave velocity and length, but increase height, but period remains the same.

81
Q

What is wave breaking?

A

when a wave becomes unstable and spills over the top.

82
Q

What factors have the most influence on wave breaking?

A
  • beach slope
  • ratio of water depth at breaking and wavelength of breaking waves
  • Ratio of breaking wave height and deep water wave length
  • ratio of deep water height and wave length
83
Q

What happens when waves break?

A

waves transfer energy through breaking. Turbulence is created, energy is transfered,wave energy is transfered to move sand, changing the coastal environment, once all energy is lost the ocean ends

84
Q

What are the 4 forms?

A

Spilling breakers-small steepness, gradual build then collapses as white water
Plunging breakers-large steepness, builds vertically, then the top falls and comes down as one mass of water
Surging Breakers-base hits the shore first causing the wave to collapse
Collapsing breakers-combo of plunging and surging

85
Q

When do waves break near shore?

A

when the height of the wave is .78 times the water depth

86
Q

What is tide?

A

regular rising and falling of the water level

87
Q

What is semi-diurnal?

A

2 high and 2 low tides each day

88
Q

What is full diurnal?

A

1 high and 1 low tide each day

89
Q

What is tidal range?

A

vertical distance between successive high and low

90
Q

What is tidal period?

A

the time between one high or low and the next high or low

91
Q

What is high water?

A

the max water level reached during a tidal cycle

92
Q

What low water?

A

the min water level reached during a tidal cycle

93
Q

What is flood current?

A

water movement toward the shore

94
Q

What is ebb current?

A

water movement away from shore

95
Q

What is spring tide?

A

tides of large range that occur every 14 days

96
Q

What is neap tide?

A

tides of small range that occur every 14 days

97
Q

WHat is slack water?

A

no movement in or out of water, speed is zero

98
Q

What is mean high or low water?

A

The mean high/low water averaged over 19 years

99
Q

What is higher/lower high/low water?

A

the average of the higher/lower high/low water level of each day averaged over National TIdal Datum Epoch(19 years)

100
Q

WHat is neap range?

A

the average of mean high water neap and low water neap.

101
Q

WHat is mean range?

A

the average of mean high water and low water.

102
Q

What is spring range?

A

the average of mean high water spring and low water spring.

Beaches (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions