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business english > be2 II. kolokvij > Flashcards

be2 II. kolokvij Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

EXTERNAL SOURCES OF FINANCE by issuing shares

A

EQUITY
FINANCING

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2
Q

EXTERNAL SOURCES OF FINANCE by issuing bonds and making loans

A

DEBT FINANCING

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3
Q

a booming, rising, strong market

A

bull

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4
Q

a depressed, falling, weak market

A

bear

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5
Q

the money a company receives minus the money it spends during a certain period

A

CASH FLOW

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6
Q

part ownership of a company in the form of stocks or shares

A

equity

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7
Q

funds operated by investment companies that invest people’s money in various assets

A

mutual funds

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8
Q

funds that invest money that will be paid to people after they retire from work

A

pension funds

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9
Q

the amount of capital making up a bond or other loan

A

principal

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10
Q

the length of time for which a bond is issued (until it is repaid)

A

maturity

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11
Q

the amount of interest that a bond pays

A

coupon

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12
Q

unable to pay debts

A

insolvent/bankrupt

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13
Q

people or institutions to whom money is owed

A

creditors

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14
Q

payments by companies to their shareholders

A

dividends

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15
Q

businesses that buy and sell securities

A

market makers

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16
Q

the price at which a buyer is prepared to buy a security at a particular time

A

bid price

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17
Q

the price at which a seller is prepared to sell a security at a particular time

A

offer price

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18
Q

the rate of income an investor receives from a security

A

yield

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19
Q

certificates representing part ownership of the company

A

stocks or shares

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20
Q

selling stocks for the first time

A

initial public offering

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21
Q

the price written on the share

A

nominal value

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22
Q

the price a stock is currently being traded at on the stock exchange

A

market price

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23
Q

a form of long term debt issued by a company or government

A

bond

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24
Q

type of bank that combines investment banking with commercial banking, thus allowing these banks to offer a much wider variety of financial options to their customers

A

universal bank

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25
Q

A financial institution that grants loans, accepts deposits and offers basic financial products like savings accounts and checking accounts to individuals and businesses.

A

commercial bank

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26
Q

A financial institution that provides a variety of services for clients etc. underwriting, facilitating transactions, assisting in mergers and acquisitions, and brokering.

A

investment banks

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27
Q

type of payment when a account holder gives instruction to a bank to pay a fixed or variable amount directly to the landlord etc. at regular intervals

A

direct debit

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28
Q

Another word for “cash machine” or “cash point

A

atm

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29
Q

Money put into a bank account OR putting money into a bank account

A

deposit

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30
Q

Assets promised by a borrower to a lender if the borrower cannot repay the loan

A

collateral

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31
Q

A fee paid for the use of another party’s money

A

intrest

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32
Q

The amount of profit on an investment

A

ROI

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33
Q

A card issued by a financial company giving the holder an option to borrow funds, these cards charge interest.

A

credit card

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34
Q

Borrowing money by spending more than you have in your bank account.

A

overdraft

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35
Q

The amount of funds in a bank account at a given time.

A

balance

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36
Q

Being unable to repay a loan.

A

default, insolvent

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37
Q

An electronic card issued by a bank which allows bank clients access to their account to withdraw cash or pay for goods and services.

A

debit card

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38
Q

Take money out of an account

A

withdraw

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39
Q

loan that allows a person to withdraw more money than they have in their bank account

A

overdraft

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40
Q

financial instruments whose prices are dependent upon, or derived from, underlying assets such as stocks, bonds, commodities, currencies, interest rates and market indices

A

derivatives

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41
Q

measures the change in the share prices of different companies

A

stock index

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42
Q

selling shares by the issuing companies for the first time

A

primary stock market

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43
Q

investors selling shares amongst themselves

A

secondary stock market

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44
Q

A speculator who expects prices to decline and sell a (borrowed) security or commodity in the hope of buying it back later at a lower price

A

bear

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45
Q

The market in which investors or speculators have the first opportunity to buy a newly issued security

A

primary

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46
Q

A share of the after-tax profit of a company, distributed to its shareholders according to the number and class of shares held by them

A

dividend

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47
Q

the date when the bond is repaid

A

maturity date

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48
Q

the interest rate on the money lent through the bond

A

coupon

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49
Q

The market in which investors or speculators purchase an asset from another investor

A

secundary market

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50
Q

the money that the bondholder lent to the issuing company

A

principal

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51
Q

to increase the value of a currency in an otherwise fixed system

A

revalue

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52
Q

to decrease the value of a currency in an otherwise fixed system

A

devalue

53
Q

adjective describing a rate that changes or varies

A

floating

54
Q

people who argue in favour of something

A

proponents

55
Q

to fall in value in a market system

A

depreciate

56
Q

to rise in value in a market system

A

appreciate

57
Q

to attempt to protect onesell against future price changes

A

hedge

58
Q

continuous changes in a price or value

A

fluctuations

59
Q

agreements to buy something at a fixed price several months ahead

A

future contracts

60
Q

The price of a nation’s currency expressed in another
currency

A

exchange rate

61
Q

people who owe money to your company

A

debtors

62
Q

people to whom your company owes money

A

creditors

63
Q

the place where financial transactions are recorded

A

an account

64
Q

a book of accounts (financial transactions)

A

a ledger

65
Q

The total amount of money received during a
specific period.

A

turnover or total revenue

66
Q

The costs associated with making the products that have been sold.

A

COGS

67
Q

Sales revenue – COGS

A

gross profit

68
Q

Operating expenses

A

SG&A

69
Q

The bottom line

A

net profit

70
Q

The decreasing the value of a tangible asset in an account due to age, use, wear and tear.

A

depreciation

71
Q

Intangible assets with limited life have to be written off over the period they were
purchased for.

A

amortization

72
Q
A
73
Q

a contract agreement to buy or sell a security, commodity or financial instrument at a predetermined price, at a predetermined point in the future.

A

futures contract

74
Q

offers the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy (call option) or sell (put option) an asset at an agreed-upon price (the strike price), either during a certain period of time, or on a specific date.

A

option

75
Q

raw materials or primary products such as metals, cereals, coffee, etc., that are traded on special markets.

A

commodities

76
Q

an agreement to exchange future interest payments with another company or financial institution, e.g a floating rate loan for a fixed interest rate loan.

A

interest rate swap

77
Q

an agreement between two parties who exchange principal and fixed rate interest payments on a loan in one currency for principal and fixed rate interest payments on an equal loan in another currency

A

currency swap

78
Q

financial instrument whose price is derived from the value of an underlying asset

A

derivative

79
Q

To trade goods or services without the exchange of money.

A

barter

80
Q

The specific security, financial instrument or commodity on which a derivative is based.

A

underlying asset

81
Q

A type of market where financial instruments are traded directly between two parties.

A

otc

82
Q

The risk to each party of a contract that the other party will not live up to its contractual obligations. Also known as «default risk».

A

counterparty risk

83
Q

The third party to a future or an option that makes sure both the seller and the buyer fulfil the contract.

A

clearing house

84
Q

Protection against price changes.

A

hedging

85
Q

Buying or selling assets, hoping to make a profit in the future.

A

speculating

86
Q

A basic good used in commerce that is interchangeable with other goods of the same type.

A

commodity

87
Q

a loan secured by the collateral of a real estate property

A

mortage

88
Q

a partial payment made at the time of purchase, with the balance to be paid later.

A

down payment

89
Q

estimates of people’s ability to fulfil their financial commitments

A

credit rating

90
Q

property or other assets used as a
guarantee of payment

A

collateral

91
Q

a process that transfers the right of home ownership from the homeowner to the bank or lender. This happens when the owner defaults on his mortgage loan payments.

A

foreclosure

92
Q

A situation in which prices of some
asset(s) rise far above their actual value.

A

bubble

93
Q

pooling together financial
assets that produce a cash flow and turning them into securities that can be sold to others

A

securitization

94
Q

large organizations (banks, finance companies, insurance companies, labour union funds, mutual funds or unit trusts, pension funds) which
have considerable cash reserves that need to be invested

A

Institutional investors

95
Q

borrowing money to amplify the outcome of a deal

A

leverage

96
Q

People who are unlikely to repay their loan.

A

subprime borrowers

97
Q

A security, that an investor would buy because (s)he wants to get a regular income from people who are paying off the mortgage on their houses.

A

cdo

98
Q

when one company combines with another one

A

merger

99
Q

when one company offers to buy or acquire another one

A

takeover bid

100
Q

buying and selling stocks or shares for clients

A

stockbroking

101
Q

all the investments owned by an individual or organization

A

portfolio

102
Q

the ending or relaxing of legal restrictions

A

deregulation

103
Q

a group of companies, operating in different fields, which have joined together

A

conglomerate

104
Q

the price paid for borrowing money, paid to the lenders

A

interest

105
Q

request by the insured/policyholder to be compensated for a loss covered by the insurance policy

A

claim

106
Q

a payment for an insurance policy (usually monthly, yearly etc.)

A

premium

107
Q

act of lowering risk exposure

A

risk management

108
Q

a contract on insurance cover between the insurer and the insured (who is also called the policy holder)

A

insurance policy

109
Q

the person or business taking out the insurance

A

insured/policyholder

110
Q

to evaluate the risks of insuring a particular person or asset

A

underwriting

111
Q

a chance or possibility of injury, loss etc.

A

risk

112
Q

the amount of money a policy holder claims upon suffering a loss

A

compensation

113
Q

to insure the risk of one insurance company by another

A

reinsurance

114
Q

an independent agent who advises on best insurance deals

A

broker

115
Q

examining a company’s systems of control and the accuracy or exactness of its records, looking for errors or possible fraud where the company may have deliberately given false information

A

auditing

116
Q

day-to-day recording of transactions such as sales, purchases, debts, expenses

A

bookkeeping

117
Q

recording and summarizing an organization’s transactions and business deals, such as purchases and sales, and reporting them in the form of financial statements

A

accounting

118
Q

obligations to pay other organizations or people

A

liabilities

119
Q

everything a company owns

A

assets

120
Q

money that will have to be paid as tax in the future although the payment does not have to be made now

A

deferred taxes

121
Q

financing a company through selling shares

A

equity finance

122
Q

financing a company through issuing bonds

A

debt finance

123
Q

a partial payment made at the time of purchase, with the balance to be paid later.

A

down payment

124
Q

property or other assets used as a
guarantee of payment

A

collateral

125
Q

a process that transfers the right of home ownership from the homeowner to the bank or lender.

A

to foreclose

126
Q

A situation in which prices of some
asset(s) rise far above their actual value

A

bubble

127
Q

agencis/companies who rate investments, the Big Three: Standard and Poor’s (S&P), Moody’s, Fitch Ratings

A

rating agencies

128
Q

A security, that an investor would buy because (s)he wants to get a regular income from people who are paying off the mortgage on their houses.

A

MBS and CDO

business english (1 decks)

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