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T2 - Extremities BioMech > BE- Part 2 Lower extremity > Flashcards

BE- Part 2 Lower extremity Flashcards

S: 51

1
Q

The hip can also be called the ____ joint

A

femoral acetabular joint

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2
Q

What three bones make up the acetabular fossa

A

pubis
ischium
ilium

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3
Q

Angle of ____ is the vertical line from the center of the femur head to the crest of the acetabulum

A

angle of wiberg

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4
Q

____ degrees for the angle of femoral inclination

A

125 degrees

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5
Q

what is the normal angle of femoral inclination

A

125 degrees
- the angle between the femoral neck and shaft

normal: 125
coxa vara: 125

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6
Q

_________: is the angle between the femoral neck and shaft

A

angle of femoral inclination

normal: 125
coxa vara: 125

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7
Q

There is a _____ in the trabeculation where the femor is in coxa vara

A

increase trabeculation

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8
Q

during coxa vara: The femoral head terns ___ in the acetabulum, ___ joint surface which causes a ____ stability

A

head turns deeper

increase surface

= increase stability

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9
Q

c.c.: When a pt has coxa vara in the femoral joint they are succeptable to ___ & ___

A

neck fracture

epiphyseal damage

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10
Q

coxa valga is ____ degrees

A

> 125

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11
Q

during coxa valga the force load is more in line with ____

A

femoral shaft

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12
Q

during coxa valga the force load is more in line with the femur causes : ____ trabeculation, ____ joint space, ____ stability

A

decrease in trabeculation

decrease in joint space

decrease in stability

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13
Q

c.c. pts will present with (4) conditions when they hve coxa valga

A

abductor fatigue & weakness
hip displasia
art tearing
arthrosis

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14
Q

c.c. hip dysplasia: ____

A

dislocation

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15
Q

ROM of hip in flexion with knee ext. and flex.

A

90- ext

120 - flex

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16
Q

chief flexors of the hip

A 
psoas
iliacus 
rectus femoris 
sartorius 
pectineus
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17
Q

c.c. during birth a hip dysplasia can occur. this will cause:

A
  1. underdeveloped prox. femoral epiphysis
  2. lateral femoral displacement
  3. increase acetabular roof = putti’s triad
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18
Q

c.c. hip dysplasia will show (3 c.c.) in babies

A
  1. diff. leg lengths
  2. uneven skin folds
  3. limp
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19
Q

c.c. What are the three sx of Putti’s triad in hip dysplasia

A
  1. sup/.lat migration of the femoral head
  2. Increase acetabular angle
  3. small head of the femoral epiphysis
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20
Q

Skinner’s line for the hip joint

A

drawn horizontally

btw the top of the greater trochanter to the superior part of the obturator foramn

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21
Q

____ line for the hip is through the triradial cartilage

A

hilgenreiners line

ileum
ischium
pubis

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22
Q

What 3 bones of the hip make up the triradial cartilage

A

ileum
ischium
pubis

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23
Q

When measuring the hip joint the______ will be in the medial lower medial quadrant of the hilgenreiner’s line and perkin’s line

A

the epiphyseal plate on the femoral head

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24
Q

ROM of hip in extension

A

10-30

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25
Q

M.’s that ext. the hip (5)

A 
bicep femoris 
semitend. 
semimembran. 
glut max
glut med
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26
Q

arthrosis is also known as ___

A

OA

osteoarthritis

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27
Q

What is the difference btw osteoarthritis and osteroarthrosis

A

there will be no inflammation in osteoarthrosis
- more bone spurs and tightness

-itis: has redness and swelling

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28
Q

What is the difference btw rheumatory arthritis and arthritis

A

rheumatory will go through period of flare up

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29
Q

ROM of abduction of the hip

A

45-50 degrees

TFL
gluts
sartorius

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30
Q

M that preform abduction of the hip

A

TFL
gluts
sartorius

45-50 degrees

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31
Q

ROM of adduction of the hip

A

20-30 degrees

adductors
gracilis
pectineus

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32
Q

TFL/ITB restriction sx causes a restriction in (3) movements

A

Flex
Abd
IR

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33
Q

c.c. there will be an inflammation of ____ during TFL/ITB restriction sx

A

trochanteric bursitis

effects runners

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34
Q

What is Obers test used to assess

A

TFL/ITB restriction syndrome

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35
Q

What would a +/- test show in ober’s test (ITB/TFL restriction sx)

A

place pt in side line position with leg abd.

+: pt add. leg- pain and the movement is not smooth

-: pt. add leg- pain but the leg DOES move smooth

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36
Q

c.c. ____: avascular necrosis of the head of the femur that causes a collapse of the hip joint

A

Legg- Calve-Perthes Dx

  • decrease hip abd, IR
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37
Q

c.c. during legg- calve - perthes dx the pt will display

A
  • decrease hip abd, IR
  • poor gait
  • leg length discripancies
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38
Q

Two test done for Legg- calve- perthes dx

A

+ roll test

Patrick F.AB.ER

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39
Q

____% of the pop the sciatic N goes through the piriformis

A

15%

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40
Q

Pt with piriformis sx will have pain in the pot. hip with they preform ___ & __ movement

A

abd. and ER

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41
Q

trochanteric bursitis aka ____

pain during ___ & ___

A

hip pointer

pain during add and ER

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42
Q

The knee is the ___ & ___ of the body

A

largest and weakest joint of the body

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43
Q

genu valgus angulation at ____ degrees

A

5 degrees

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44
Q

genu valgus stresses the _____ components

A

lateral

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45
Q

genu varus stresses the ____ components

A

medial

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46
Q

during a unilateral stance there is an increase in ____ force on the knee

A

medial forces

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47
Q

COG is at ___________

A

1 1/2 inches anterior of the 2nd sacral segment

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48
Q

Where are lines drawn to make the Q angle

A
  • a line through the ASIS

- line through the center of the patella to the tibial tubercle

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49
Q

normal Q angle degrees

A

0-20 degrees

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50
Q

coxa ___ and genu ___ = knock knees

A

coxa varum

genu valgum

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51
Q

The medial menisci is ____ shape

A

C shaped

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52
Q

definition of: congruence

A

fluidity and smoothness of movement

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53
Q

joint reaction force on knees is __- __ times body weight during standing

A

1-2x body wt.

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54
Q

joint reaction force on knees is __-__ times body weight during running

A

3-4x body weight

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55
Q

What are the two phases of gait

A

stance phase

swing phase

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56
Q

during stance phase the body is over the ___& ___

A

medial tibial plateau & medial meniscus

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57
Q

During swing phase the body is over the ____

A

lateral tibial plateau

58
Q

Which is bigger: medial or lateral tibial plateau

A

medial plateau

medial meniscus is 3x bigger than the lateral meniscus

59
Q

___ degrees of flexion in the knee

A

140

60
Q

The knee has a “ ____” effect

A

rolling/ spinning effect

61
Q

during flexion of the knee there is a rolling/ spinning effect of :

A

posterior roll of the femur
anterior glide
ACL check

62
Q

Doing extension of the knee there is a rolling/ spinning effect:

A

anterior roll of the femur
posterior glide
PCL check

63
Q

during extension of the knee there is a ___ lig check

A

PCL

64
Q

during flexion of the knee there is a ____ lig check

A

ACL

65
Q

___ degrees at extension of the knee

A

0 degrees

66
Q

___ degrees of recurvatum of the knee

A

0-5 degrees

67
Q

muscles that flex the knee

A

hamstrings
gracilis
calf muscles
popliteus

68
Q

muscles that extend the knee

A

Quads

bicep femoris

69
Q

____ test is done for the collateral lig of the knee

A

stress test

70
Q

To test for menisci instability, apply a ____ force to the tibia

A

compressive

71
Q

During drawer test of the knee ____ is seen as normal

A

1/8th of an inch movement

(+) 1/2 an inch of movement

72
Q

A positive sign during the drawer test of the knee is ____

A

1/2 inch of movement

normal- 1/8th of an inch

73
Q

What is involved in the terrible triad

A

MCL
ACL
Medial meniscus

74
Q

___ degrees of IR at the knee

A

30

75
Q

___ degrees of ER at the knee

A

45 degrees

76
Q

M. that preform IR at the knee

A

gracilis
semitend.
semimembr

77
Q

M. that preform ER of the knee

A

Bicep femoris

78
Q

Patella glides in the ____

A

patellar/ femoral groove

79
Q

Full patellar contact occurs at ___ degrees extension all the way to ____ degrees of flexion

A

0 degrees of ext

90 degrees of flex

80
Q

past 90 degrees of flexion there is only a ___ patellar contact

A

medial patellar contact

81
Q

the knee has a ___ mechanism

A

screw home

82
Q

in a screw home mechanism of the knee the tibia twists into a ___ rotation

A

ER

  • probably why we stand with our toes slightly out
83
Q

hind foot: ___ + ___

A

talus + calcaneus

84
Q

mid foot: ___+____+___

A

navicular + cuboid + cuneforms

85
Q

fore foot: ___+ ___

A

metatarsels + phalanges

86
Q

ankle mortis: ___+ ___+ ___

A

tibia + fibula+ talus

87
Q

which arch of the foot bares 96% of the body wt

A

longitudinal arch

88
Q

___ arch adjusts and stretches 10% for uneven terrain

A

longitudinal arch

89
Q

the plantar apneurosis stretches from the ___ to the ___

A

calcaneous to the metatarsel heads/ prox phalanges

90
Q

____ causes the plantar aponeurosis to stress the most

A

push off during gait

91
Q

the plantar aponerosis is also known as the ____ arch

A

longitudinal arch

92
Q

for an adjustment of a dropped metatarsel head the DC ____

A

distracts the phalanges and pushes I/S

93
Q

What is the fick angle

A

Angle between gait direction and foot axis; Normal “angling out” is 19°

94
Q

The tibia is in ____ position during pes planus

A

IR

95
Q

high arch aka_______

A

pes cavus

96
Q

ROM of tibia/ talus joint is ___ degrees

A

1 degree

97
Q

Dorsiflexion is ___ dgrees

A

20 degrees

98
Q

10% of ____ is required for ambulation

A

dorsiflexion

99
Q

action of the tibia on the talus on weight bearing

A

tibia rotates over the talus

100
Q

dorsiflexion is limited by the ____

A

tricep surae

  • it limits D.F. more in full extension of the knee
101
Q

_____ occurs to create a closed pack position of the ankle

A

the talus wedges into the mortise joint btw the tib and fib

102
Q

Plantar flexion is ____ degrees

A

50 degrees

103
Q

plantar flexion is limited by what 3 muscles

A

tib. anterior
extensor hallicus longus
extensor digitorum longus

104
Q

_____ degrees of movement n the subtalar joint

A

1 degree

105
Q

the subtalar joint consists of what two bones

A

calcaneus

talus

106
Q

during wt. bearing the ___ moves on the ___ of the subtalar jt

A

talus moves on the calcaneus

calcaneus acts like an anchor to the floor

107
Q

during non wt bearing the ___ moves on the ___ of the subtalar jt

A

calcaneus moves on the talus

the talus acts like an anchor to the body

108
Q

transverse talar joint locks in ____

A

supination

109
Q

transverse talar joitn unlocks in ____

A

pronation

110
Q

Transverse talar jt moves with ____ foot

A

forefoot

-opp of hindfoot

111
Q

transverse talar jt moves opp of ___ foot

A

hind foot

  • moves with forefoot
112
Q

body weight is controlled by the hip ___ and wt. is over the ___ during gait

A

controlled by: hip abductors

over: med. tib plateau

113
Q

name the 5 parts of the stance phase of gait

A 
heel strike 
foot flat 
mid stance
heel off 
push off
114
Q

The foot is supinated during ____ and pronated during ____ in the stance phase of gait

A

supinated during heel strike

pronated during push off

115
Q

Name the three portions of the swing phase

A

acceleration - PF
midswing - PF to neutral
deceleration - DF

116
Q

The foot is in ____ during acceleration , ___ midswing , and ___ during deceleration of the swiong phase of gait

A

PF- acceleration
PF to neutral- midswing
DF- deceleration

117
Q

before 10 yr old our COG is at ____

Adults COG is at ___

A

10 yr old: at T12 (less stable)

Adults: ant to S2

118
Q

Infant heads are ___ total height of body

adult heads are ___ total height of body

A

infants: 1/4th
adults: 1/8th

119
Q

highest point of gait is ____

A

midstance

120
Q

lowest point of gait is ___ & ___

A

heel strike and push off

121
Q

Base width ___”

A

2-4”

122
Q

step length ___”

A

15”

length btw R/L during gait

123
Q

Stride length ___”

A

30”
heel strike to heel strike of the same foot

(step length is 15”)

124
Q

Cadence of gait

A

90-120 steps per min

  • count every time there is a heel strike
125
Q

opposite tandum arm swing means ____

A

that leg swing is opposite of arm swing during step

126
Q

During swing phase the advance and non advance ASIS shift ___ degrees

A

4 degrees

127
Q

The COG shifts ____ to ___ inches causing a lateral shift to the advanced side

A

1.5 to 2 inches

128
Q

“Slap foot” is a sign of ____ meaning that the individual has weak ___

A

flat foot

weak dorsiflexors

129
Q

_____ gait: means that the pt is walking abn to decrease pain

A

antalgic pain

  • most likely a soft tis injury
130
Q

____ gait: there may/ maynot be pain, there will be a true bone or joint lesion.

soft tis is not involved

pt can display ____ gait

A

arthrogenic gait

  • display circumduct gait because they cant bend the joint
131
Q

contracture gait is cause by ____ causing M contractures

A

joint disease

132
Q

Club foot displayes what (3) joint positions

A

PF
forefoot adduction
hindfoot varus

133
Q

c.c. _____ foot is when the patient is walking on the dorso-lateral aspect of the foot.

A

club foot
(it is a equinus gait abnormality)

foot is in PF, forefoot is add., hinfoot is varus

134
Q

glut max gait aka____

A

thoracic posterior lurch

“the Nutritionist”

135
Q

Glut med gait aka___ & ___

A

trendelenburg’s gait
chorus girl swing
thoracic lateral lurch

  • glut med cant hold body wt. during stance phase
  • hips swing
136
Q

hemiplegic gait is seen in ____ patients.

A

stroke patients

- displays a circumductive gait

137
Q

Scissor gait aka___

A

neurogenic or spastic gait

how loretta walked

138
Q

Scissor gait is a crossover of the ___ M

seen in ___ patients

A

adductor M

  • cerebral palsy
139
Q

Steppage gait aka_____

A

foot droppage

140
Q

steppage gait is caused by weak ____.

The toe ___ & foot slaps

seen in ___ patients

A

DF

toe drags

foot slaps

syphilis patients

T2 - Extremities BioMech (2 decks)

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