BDS2+BDS3 EBD

Question 1

Define confidence interval

Answer 1

Range of values that a true population effect is likely to lie between

Question 2

CI overlaps 1 =

Answer 2

Insufficient evidence

Question 3

Gold standard study

Answer 3

RCT

Strongest evidence of effectiveness of tx

Question 4

Design elements of RCT

Answer 4

Inclusion/exclusion criteria
Control
Randomisation
Blinding

Question 5

Disadvantages of RCT

Answer 5

Difficult to design + conduct
Risk of bias

Question 6

Function of a case report

Answer 6

Report on single person - hypothesis generation

Question 7

Disadvantage of case report

Answer 7

Lack of control group

Question 8

Function of cross sectional study

Answer 8

Estimate prevalence of disease + potential risk factors

Question 9

Disadvantages of cross sectional study

Answer 9

Confounding
Recall bias
Causality

Question 10

Function of case control

Answer 10

Look for causes of disease

Question 11

Disadvantages of case control

Answer 11

Confounding
Recall bias

Question 12

Function of cohort

Answer 12

Estimates incidence + cause of disease

Question 13

Disadvantages of cohort

Answer 13

Confounding
Expensive
Blinding difficult

Question 14

ARD overlaps 0 =

Answer 14

Not statistically significant (no risk/benefit)

Question 15

Advantages of a split mouth design

Answer 15

Each participant acts as own control (decreases inter individual variation)

Question 16

Disadvantages of a split mouth design

Answer 16

Carry across effects

Selection of pts might limit external validity

Question 17

Define incidence

Answer 17

Number of new cases in a particular time period

Question 18

Define prevalence

Answer 18

Frequency of disease in a population at a particular time period

Question 19

What is the chain of infection

Answer 19

Infectious agent
Reservoir
Portal of exit
Mode of transmission
Portal of entry
Susceptible host

Question 20

Sinner cycle

Answer 20

Time
Temp
Chemicals
Energy