BCSE Physiology Flashcards
Ferrets, Llamas, cats, rabbits and other South American camelids (e.g. alpacas) are ………….. ovulators.
induced
Rodents, Guinea pigs, sheep and dogs are ………….. ovulators.
Spontaneous
Plasmin is an enzyme that breaks down ……….. through fibrinolysis. And ………. is the end product of clotting cascade.
fibrin, fibrin
Histocytes are associated with ………… tissue.
Kuppfer cells are associated with ………….(organ)
…………….. are associated with bone
Connective, liver, osteoblasts
First heart sound is made by the closure of …………… valves,
Second heart sound is made by the closure of ……………. and …………. valves.
Atrioventricular (mitral-left, tricuspid-right)
Seminular and pulmonic
…………… is the period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart that occurs between the first and second heart sounds of the cardiac cycle.
Systol
…………. is the refilling of the heart with blood after the cardiac cycle
Diastole
ECG leads: white ………………….
green……….
black…………
red…………..
right front,
right rear
left front
left rear
………………cells provide structural support, modulate neural communication, help produce myelin sheaths, and modulate the growth of developing and damaged neurons.
Glial
Glial cells of CNS are …………., …………….., …………………
Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia
………………. cells are the neuroglial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They are equivalent to the oligodendrocytes
Schwann
Myelin producing cells;
…………………… in CNS ,
…………………… in PNS
Oligodendrocytes in CNS
Schwann cells in PNS
In …………. arrhythmia, heart rate increases with inhalation, decreases with inhalation
Sinus
………………… ataxia: loss of ability to regulate movement.
Cerebellar
……………….. ataxia; loss of equilibrum/balance
Vestibular
…………….. ataxia; loss of awareness of position/movement of body parts.
Proprioceptive
C. tetani produces a neurotoxin called ……………
Tetanospasmin
What percentage of dietary energy for dairy cattle comes from volatile fatty acids (VFA)?
70% or more
Ionophor antibiotics cause rumen microorganisms to produce more ……….. acid and less ………….. and …………. acids, thus increasing feed efficiency.
Propionic acid,
acetic and butyric acids
…………… is a non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus. Both of these characteristic make this virus capable of persisting in the environment and resistant to many disinfectants.
Calicivirus
One of the best disinfectants for the calicivirus is dilute household …………..
Bleach
In small animals, the small intestine is the only section of the GI tract with …….
vili
Epithelial invaginations at the base of the vili are called ……………………..
Crypts of Liberkuhn
……………… are the most common tumor in Equideae
Sarcoids
Sarcoids are associated with ………………………virus infection
Bovine Papilloma
It takes …………. days to detect the bone marrow response after an episode of severe hemorrhage in a dog.
3-5 days
The …………….. reticulum is a specialized form of endoplasmic reticulum associated with striated and smooth muscle that stores and pumps calcium ions to initiate muscular contraction.
Sarcoplasmic
Ice packs and alcohol baths is the treatment of ……………………… syndrome.
Porcine Stress Syndrome
The most common clinical immunodeficiency in foals is …………………………..of immunglobulins
failure of passive transfer
Dogs and cats cannot synthesize …………….. from skin exposure to UV light, so they have an absolute dietary requirement for it.
Vitamin D
An imbalanced calcium; phosphorus ratio or inadequate dietary vit-D may cause nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in ……………… (animal)
iguanas
guinea pig gestation?
63-68 days
hamster gestation
16 days
gerbil gestation
25 days
rat gestation
22 days
chincilla gestation
111 days
the most common sign of pain in animals following ovariohysterectomy
Changes in behaviour
…………………………………. can lead to acsites, pleural +/- pericardial effusion, jugular venous distention, peripheral edema, and liver congestion.
Right sided congestive heart failure
……………………………………… can lead to pulmonary edema, causing cough, exercise intolerance and tachypnea progressing to dyspnea.
Left sided congestive heart failure
……………………………………. occurs due to either a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or an inability of the kidney to respond to ADH.
Diabetes Insipidus (DI)
