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Psychopathology > BCh 7 Mood Disorders & Suicide > Flashcards

BCh 7 Mood Disorders & Suicide Flashcards

1
Q

What are mood disorders?

A

those in which extreme variations in mood –high or low–are the predominant feature. some variation is normal, extreme variation is maladaptive

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2
Q

What symptoms are characteristic of depressive disorders?

A

most people with mood disorder have some form of depressive disorder.
symptoms include range of affective, conigitive, motivational, biological symptoms including persistent sadness, negative thoughts about self, future, lack of energy or initiative, too much/little sleep, gain/lose weight

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3
Q

What are the causal factors in unipolar mood disorders?

A

Moderate genetic contribution
interacting disturbances in neurochemical, neuroendocrine, neurophysical disturbances, neurophysiological systems
disruption in circadian rhythms
Beck’s cognitive theory, reformulated helplessness and hopelessness theories (diathesis-stress models and rumination).
personality variables (neuroticism)
psychodynamic, interpersonal theories emphasize importance of early experiences, losses, ,quality of parent-child relationships

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4
Q

What are bipolar disorders?

A

cyclothymia, bipolar I, II,

experiences both high and low extremes

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5
Q

What are the causal factors in bipolar disorder?

A

genetic, biological causal factors prominent
neurochemical imbalances, abnormalities f the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, disturbances in biological rhythms
stressful life events may precipitate but unlikely to cause disorder

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6
Q

What are the treatments and outcomes for mood disorders?

A 
biologically based treatments (medication, ECT) 
psychosocial treatments (cognitive, behavioral activation treatment, IPT)
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7
Q

What is the clinical picture and the causal pattern of suicide?

A

constant danger with depressive syndrome

assessment of suicide risk essential to mangement

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8
Q

What role does ambivalence play in thoughts of suicide?

A

substantial amount of suicidal behavior is performed as means of indirect interpersonal communication

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9
Q

How can suicide be prevented?

A

crisis intervention, hotlines, hospitalization, knowing warning signs, assessment, mdd psychoeducation, management, social support,

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10
Q

attributions

A

process of assigning causes to things that happen

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11
Q

behavioral activation tretments

A

treatment for depression in which the patience and the therapist work together to help the patience find ways to become more active and engaged with life

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12
Q

bipolar disorder with a seasonal pattern

A

bipolar disorder with recurrences in particular times or seasons of the year

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13
Q

bipolar disorders

A

mood disorders in which a person experiences both manis and depressive episodes

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14
Q

bipolar I

A

a form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences both manis (or mixed) episodes and major depressive episodes

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15
Q

bipolar II

A

a form of bipolar disorder in which the person experiences both hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes

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16
Q

chronic major depressive disorder

A

a disorder in which a major depressive episode does not remit over a 2 year period

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17
Q

cognitive-behavioral therapy

A

Beck

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18
Q

depression

A

emotional state characterized by extraordinary sadness and dejection

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19
Q

depressogenic schemas

A

dysfunctional beliefs that are rigid, extreme, and counterproductive and that are thought to leave one susceptible to depression when experiencing stress

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20
Q

diathesis

A

predisposition or vulnerability to developing a given disorder

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21
Q

double depression

A

this condition is diagnosed when a person with dysthymia has a superimposed major depressive episode.

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22
Q

dysfunctional beliefs

A

negative beliefs that are rigid, extreme, and counterproductive.

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23
Q

dysthymic disorder

A

moderately severe mood disorder characterized by persistently depressed mood most of the day for more days than not for at least 2 years. additional symptoms may include poor appetite, sleep disturbance, lack of energy, low self-esteem, difficult concentrating, and feelings of hopelessness.

24
Q

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

use of electricity to produce convulsions and unconsciousness; a treatment used primarily to alleviate depressive and manic episodes. AKA electroshock therapy.

25
Q

hypomanic episode

A

a condition lasting at least 4 days in which a person experiences abnormally elevated, expansive, or irritable mood. at least three out of seven other designated symptoms similar to those in a manic episode must also be present but to a lesser degree than in mania.

26
Q

interpersonal therapy (IPT)

A

a time-limited psychotherapy approach that focuses on the interpersonal context and on building interpersonal skills.

27
Q

learned helplessness

A

a theory that animals and people exposed to uncontrollable aversive events learn that they have no control over these events and this causes them to behave in a passive and helpless manner when later exposed to potentially controllable events. later extended to become a theory of depression.

28
Q

lithium

A

a common salt that consists of a soft, silver-white metal; it has been found to reduce the symptoms of bipolar disorder although it has a number of negative side-effects

29
Q

major depressive disorder

A

moderate-to-severe mood disorder in which a person experiences only major depressive episodes but no hypomanic, manic, or mixd episodes. Single episode if only one; recurrent episode if more than one.

30
Q

major depressive episode

A

a mental condition in which a person must be markedly depressed for most of every day for most days for at least 2 weeks. in addition, a total of at least five out of nine designated symptoms must also be present during the same time period.

31
Q

MDD with atypical features

A

a type of MD episode which includes a pattern of symptoms characterized by marked mood reactivity, as well as at least 2/4 other disignated symptoms

32
Q

MDD with catatonic features

A

a subset of MDD that is characterized by severe disturbances in motor function.

33
Q

MDD with melancholic features

A

a type of MD episode which includes marked symptoms of loss of interest or pleasure in almost all activities plus at least 3/6 other designated symptoms

34
Q

mania

A

emotional state characterized by intense and unrealistic feelings of excitement and euphoria.

35
Q

manic episode

A

a condition in which a person shows markedly elevated, euphoric, or expansive mood, often interrupted by occasional outbursts of intense irritability or even violence that lasts for at least 1 week. in addition, at least 3/7 other designated symptoms must also occur

36
Q

mixed episode

A

a condition in which a person is characterized by symptoms of both full-blown manic and major depressive episodes for at least 1 week, whether the symptoms are intermixed or alternate rapidly every few days.

37
Q

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

class of antidepressant drugs sometimes used for treating depression

38
Q

mood congruent

A

delusions or hallucinations that are consistent with a person’s mood

39
Q

mood disorders

A

disturbances of mood that are intense and persistent enough to be clearly maladaptive

40
Q

negative automatic thoughts

A

thoughts that are just below the surface of awareness and that involve unpleasant pessimistic predictions

41
Q

negative cognitive triad

A

negative thoughts about the self, the world, and the future

42
Q

persistent depressive disorder

A

a new DSM 5 disorder that involves long-standing depressed mood (2+years) that disorder incorporates dysthymic disorder and chronic major depression from DSM 4

43
Q

pessimistic attributional style

A

cognitive stye involving a tendency to make internal, stable, and global attributions for negative life events

44
Q

rapid cycling

A

a pattern of bipolar disorder involving at least four manic or depressive episodes per year

45
Q

recurrence

A

a new occurrence of a disorder after a remission of symptoms

46
Q

recurrent major depressive episode with seasonal pattern

A

a form of mdd where the episodes of depression recur on a regular seasonal basis, but not at other times of year.

47
Q

relapse

A

return of symptoms of a disorder after a fairly short period of time

48
Q

rumination

A

refers to the process of going over and over in one’s mind or going over a thought repeatedly time and again

49
Q

seasonal affective disorder

A

mood disorder involving at least two episodes of depression in the past 2 years occurring at the same time of year with remission also occurring at the same time of year.

50
Q

SSRI

A

selective serotonin reptake inhibitor

51
Q

severe MDD with psychotic features

A

a medication that inhibits serotonin that is used in the treatment of depression

52
Q

specifiers

A

different patterns of symptoms that sometimes characterize major depressive episodes which may help predict that source and preferred treatments for the condition

53
Q

suicide

A

taking one’s own life

54
Q

tricyclic antidepressants

A

medications used to treat depression, sometimes anxiety disorders that are thought to block the reuptake of norephinephrine and serotonin at the synapse

55
Q

unipolar depressive disorder

A

mood disorder in which a person experience only depressive episodes as opposed to bipolar disorder in which both manic and depressive episodes occur

56
Q

hippocampus

A

part of limbic system;
the elongated ridges on the floor of each lateral ventricle of the brain, thought to be the center of emotion, memory, and the autonomic nervous system.

Psychopathology (4 decks)

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