BCH 201 Vitamins Flashcards
What are vitamins?
Vitamins are organic nutrients that are required in small quantities (in micrograms to milligram quantities per day) for a variety of biochemical functions and which generally cannot be synthesized by the body and must, therefore, be supplied by the diet.
Types of vitamins
Water soluble
Fat soluble
Active form, food source, daily requirements, function and deficiency manifestation of vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Active form: NAD+ and NADP+
food source: yeast, legumes, liver, meat
daily requirements: 15-20 mg
function: Coenzyme for oxidation
reduction reactions
deficiency manifestation : Pellagra
Active form, food source, daily requirements, function and deficiency manifestation of vitamin B9 (Folic acid)
Active form: THF (Tetrahydrofolic acid)
food source: Green leafy vegetables, liver, yeast
daily requirements: 200 μg
function: Carrier of one carbon unit. Synthesis of methionine, purines and pyrimidines
deficiency manifestation : Megaloblastic anemia, Neural tube defects
Active form, food source, daily requirements, function and deficiency manifestation of vitamin C
Active form: Ascorbic acid
food source: Citrus fruits, amla, leafy vegetables and tomatoes
daily requirements: 60-70 mg
function: 1. Antioxidant, 2. involved in hydroxylation reactions in the synthesis collagen, steroid hormones, adrenaline, etc. 3. facilitates absorption of iron from intestine
deficiency manifestation : Scurvy
Active form, food source, daily requirements, function and deficiency manifestation of vitamin A
Active form: retinol, retinoic acid, retinal
food source: fish liver oils, milk, milk products, carrots, yellow and red fruits
daily requirements:800-1000 retinol equivalents
function: retinol and retinal are involved in vision. Retinoic acid regulates the expression of gene during growth and development. Antioxidant
deficiency manifestation : Night blindness xerophthalmia, formation of Bitot’s spots, dry, rough and scaly skin. Retardation of growth in children
Active form, food source, daily requirements, function and deficiency manifestation of vitamin K
Active form: Phyloquinine (Vitamin K10, Menaquinone (Vitamin K2)
food source: Green leafy vegetables, tomatoes, cheese, meat and egg yolk
daily requirements: 70-140 μg
function: Required for activation of blood clotting factors, Required for γ carboxylation of glutamic acid residue in clotting and oseocalcin proteins
deficiency manifestation : Hemorrhagic disorder, increased clotting time
Active form, food source, daily requirements, function and deficiency manifestation of vitamin B12
Active form: Methylcobalamin, Deoxyadeno-sylcobalamin
Food source: only animal origin, meat, egg, liver, fish
Daily requirements: 3μg
Function: Coenzyme for reactions: Homocysteine to Methionin. Methylmalonyl-CoA to Succinyl-CoA
Deficiency manifestation: Pernicious anemia. megaloblastic anemia, neuropathy (dementia), methylmalonic aciduria
Active form, food source, daily requirements, function and deficiency manifestation of vitamin D
Active form: 1, 25-Dihydroxy-cholecalciferol
Food source: cod liver oil, sunlight induced synthesis of vitamin D3 in skin. egg yolk
Daily requirements: 200–400 IU
Function: Regulation of the plasma level of calcium and phosphorus, calcification of bone
Deficiency manifestation: rickets(in children), osteomalacia (in infants)
Active form, food source, daily requirements, function and deficiency manifestation of vitamin K
Active form:
Food source:
Daily requirements:
Function:
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