BCAT Flashcards
Autism Spectrum Disorder (rate 1/88)
definition
deficits in social-emotional reciprocity: ranging from abnormal social back and forth conversation through reduced sharing of interests to total lack of initiation of social interaction
ASD
Abnormal social appriach
- unusual social initiations (eg. intrusive toughing or licking others)
- use of others as tools
ASD
Failure of normal back and forth converstations
- poor pragmatic/social use of language (e.g. does not clarify if not understood; does not proivde backgound info)
- failure to respond when name called or when spoken to directly
- does not initaite conversations
- one sided conversation/monolugues/ tangential speech; train of though wanders/ lack of focus
ASD
reduced sharing of interests
- doesn’t share
- lack of showing, brining, or pointing out objects of interest to other people
ASD
reduced sharing of emotions/affect
- lack of responsive social smile (response to others’ smile)
- failure to share enjoyment, excitement or achievement with others
- faiure to respond to praise
- doesn’t show pleasure in social interactions
- failure to offer comfort to others
- indifference/ aversion to physical contact/ affection
ASD
lack of initiaton of social interaction
- only initiates to get help/ limited social initiations
ASD
poor social imitations
failure to engage in simple social games
ASD defition 2
Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction: ranging from pooryly integrated verb al and nonverbal commmunication through abnormalities in eye contact and body language, or deficits in understanding a nd use of nonverbal communication to totoal lack of facial expressions or gestures
- impairments insocial use of eye contact
- impaireement in the use and unerstanding of body bosture ( eg facing away from listener)
- impairment in the use and understa nding of gesture (e.g. pointing waving nodding and shaking head
- abnormal volume, pitch intonation,, rate, rhythm, stres or prosody in speech
- lack of coordinated verbal and nonverbal communication (e.g. inability to coordinate eye contact or body language with words)
- lack of coordinated non verbal communicagtino (e.g. inability to coordinate eye contact with gestures)
ASD abnomalitie s in use and understanding of affect
- impairment in use of facial expresion (may be limited or exaggerated)
- lack of warm, joyful expressions directed at others
- limited communication of own affect (inability to convey a range of emotions, via words, expressions, tone of voice, gestures
- inability to recognize or interpret others’ nonverbal expressions
ASD defition 3
Deficits in developing and maintaining relationships appropriate to developmental leel (beyond those with caregivers) ranging from difficulties adjusting behaviors to suit different soical contexts through difficulties in sharing imaginative play and in making freinds to an apprents absence of interest in people
ASD
deficits in developing and maintaining relationships appropreiate to developmental lev;el
- lack of “theory of mind” inablity to take anothers perspective
ASD
difficulties adjusting behavior to suit socal context
- doesn’t notice anoth pe3rson’s lack of interest in an activyt or their distress/disinterest
- lack of response to contextual cues (eg. social cues from other indicating a change in behavior is implicity requested
- inappropriate expressions of emotions (laughing or smiling out of context)
- unaware of social conventions/appropriate social behavior; asks socially inappropriate questions or makes socially inappropriate statements (e.g. “oh great you’re here)
- doesn’t recognize when not welcome in play or conversational seting
- limitied recognition of soical emotions (e.g. doesn’t notice when being teased; doesn’t notice his/ her bx battern impacts others emotionally)
ASD
difficulties in imagitative play
lack of imaginative play with peers, inclduin social role playing
Difficulties in making friends
- doesn’t try to establish friendships
- doesn’t have prefferred friends
- lack of cooperative play, parallel play only (e.g. play next to each other but not interested in what other is doing)
- unaware of being teased/ridiculed by other children
- doesn’t play with children his/her age or developmental level
- has an interet in frienship but lack understanding of the conentions of social interactions (eg. extreemly directive or rigid; overly pasive)
- doesn’t respond to the social approaches of other children
ASD
absence of interest in others
- lack of interest in peers
- withdrawn/ aloof in own world
- doesn’t try to attract attn of others
- limited interest in others
- unaware or oblivious to children or adults
- limited interactions with others
- prefers solitary activiites
ASD 4 definition
stereotyped or repetitive speech, motor movoement, or use of objects (such as simple motor stereotypies, echoalia, repetitive use of objects, or idiosyncractic phrase
ASD
stereoytped or repetitive speech
- pedantic speech or unusually formal language (eg speaks like little adlt or “little profesor”
- echoalia (immediate or delayed ); may inclue repition of words, phrases, or more extensive songs/ dialogue
- “jargon” or gibberish (mature jargoning after develpmental age of 24 months)
- use of “rote language” from ememory, without thought of the meaning
- idiosyncratic or metaphorical languae (language that only has meaning to those familiar with the indivudals communicatio style;
ASD
stereotyped or repetitive motor movements
- repetitive hand movements (eg. clapping, finger, flapping, or twisting)
- stereotyped or complex whole body movements (e.g foot to foot rocking, dipping spinning)
- abnormailites of posture (e.g. toe waking); full body posturing
- intense body tensing.
- unusual facial griamcing
- excessive teeth grinding
- repetitively puts hands over ears, not in response to loud sounds
- perserverative or repetitive action/ play/ bx (if 2 or more components than considered a routine)
- repetitive picking
ASD
stereotyped or repetitive use of objects
- nonfunction play with objects (eg. waving sticks, dropping items)
- lining up toys or items
- repetitively opens/ closes doors or turns ligths on/off
ASD
definition 5
Excessive adherence to routines, ritualized paterns of verbal or nonverbal bx, or excesive resistance to change; such as motoric rituals, insistence on samw routine or food, repetitive questioning, or extreme distress at small changes)
ASD
Adherence to routine
- routines: specific, unusual multiple step sequences of behavior (2+ components)
- insistence on rigity following specific routine
ASD
Ritualized patterns of verbal and nonverbal behavior
- repeptitive questioning about a particular topic
- veral rituals: has to say one or more things in a specific way or requires other to say things or answer questions in a specific way
- compulsions (e.g. insistence on turning in a circle 3 times before entering a room)
ASD
Excessive resistance to change
- difficulty with transitions
- overreaction to trivial changes (e.g. moving items at diner table or driving alternate route)
ASD
rigid thinking
- inability to understand humor
- inability to understand nonliteral aspects of speech such as irony or implied meaning
- excessivily rigid, or rule bound in bx or thought