bc quiz Flashcards
Nutritional Assessment
A - Anthropometry
B - Biochemical
C - Clinical
D - Dietary Assessmen
ANTHROPOMETRY
Measurements of the variations of physical dimensions and the gross composition of the human body at different age levels and degrees of nutrition
Weight • Height e.g., standing (stature), sitting • Length e.g., recumbent length, arm span, knee • Breadth e.g., wrist, elbow • Circumferences e.g., head, waist, hip, mid-ar
BODY COMPOSITION
CAFE
SPECIFIC BODY COMPARTMENTS
• Investigating body composition involves subdividing body weight into 2 or more compartments according to elemental, chemical, anatomical, or fluid compartment
2 Compartment Model
body fat – fat-free mass (FFM) • FFM = body wt – body fat (fat mass); LBM = body wt – adipose fat • LBM includes essential fat (e.g., cell membrane fat) • often FFM = LBM in literature
4 Compartment Model
aqueous – mineral – protein (muscle) – faT
6 Compartment Chemical Mode
– aqueous - includes ECW, ICW – mineral - osseous - extraosseous – organic - glycogen (negligible) - protein - fat
Elemental Model
body weight consists of 11 elements which comprise >99% of body weight in living subjects i.e., C, N, Ca, Na, Cl, K, H, P, O, S, Mg
Proportion of body weight:
Water 62.4 % Protein 16.4 % Fat 15.3 % Bone Mineral 4.8 % Non-Osseous Material 1.1 %
SPECIFIC BODY COMPARTMENTS
Total fat, regional fat, fat-free mass (FFM), regional FFM, muscle (e.g., ptn, K), total body water (TBW), extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content (BMC), elemental composition (e.g., N Ca P Mg Na Cl)
Statistical Treatment of Dat
Low accuracy, low precisio ECT.
ANTHROPOMETRY: Measurement
Examples - some will differ for infants, children, nonambulatory persons
• Weight - electronic or balance-beam scale - calibrated
• Height - stadiometer - technique - e.g., Frankfort horizontal plane
• Circumferences - landmarking, tape measure - placement, two people
• Skinfolds - landmarking, equipment, technique (skill
ANTHROPOMETRY Uses
Weigh
HEIGHT
- Useful for extremes – 300 lbs or 80 lbs for an adult female – 140 lbs ???
- Monitoring change – sudden gains or losses in weight
Useful for “stunting” – indicator for undernutrition – nutrient deficiencies e.g., Zn
negative linear curvilinear positive no r values (correlation coefficient
a. Negative linear correlation (r = -0.70)
b. Curvilinear correlation (r = 0.20)
c. Positive linear correlation (r = 0.80)
d. No correlation (r = 0.10)
how do you deterine the variance
square of the CC (r2) represents the proportion of variance in one variable accounted for by the other i.e., coefficient of determination
e.g., x (height); y (weight); r = 0.7 r2 = 0.49 or 49%
– Therefore, 49% of the variability of weight can be accounted for by height – other 51% accounted for by other factors (tendency to eat fatty foods, resistance training ↑ muscle mass)
– remember, “variability” refers to how scores are spread out about the mean
cORRELATION AND CAUSATION
Rule: High correlation between 2 variables does not necessarily imply causal relationship
e.g., smoking (x) and lung damage (y)
high +ve correlation could mean: 1. x causes y 2. y causes x 3. a 3rd variable causes both x and y (e.g., stress) 4. the correlation occurred by chance
- use correlations as a source for subsequent hypothese
