BC: Lecture 7

Question 1

what acetylcholine receptor is found on skeletal muscle?

Answer 1

Acetylcholine nicotine

Question 2

what acetylcholine receptor is found on organs?

Answer 2

Acetylcholine muscarine

Question 3

what proteins are responsible for carrying the AP across a muscle?

Answer 3

Voltage gated sodium channels

Question 4

what is an end plate potential?

Answer 4

The stimulation in membrane potential of skeletal muscle

Question 5

Do end plate potentials almost always cause an AP to form?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

once a T-tubule brings an AP down into the muscle cell from the surface, what are the steps that occur in order for Ca+2 to actually be released?

Answer 6

a. 1. AP acts on Dihydro purine receptors (DHPRs)
b. 2. DHPRs change conformations and physically attach to RyR1 receptor
c. 3. RyR1 receptor acts on SR to release Ca+2 intramuscularly

Question 7

what protein is responsible for allowing Ca+2 reuptake after contractions have ceased?

Answer 7

SERCA

Question 8

Regarding actin and myosin, what protein is responsible for attaching the fibers to the sarcoplasmic reticulum complex?

Answer 8

Dystrophin

Question 9

what complex does dystrophin attach to on the SR?

Answer 9

Dystrophin-associated protein complex

Question 9

what is the syndrome called when one lacks the dystrophin protein?

Answer 9

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Question 10

what are the two products acetylcholine is broken down into by acetylcholinesterase?

Answer 10

Choline and acetic acid

Question 11

what co-transporter is choline reabsorbed with?

Answer 11

Sodium-Choline co-transporter

Question 12

what enzyme turns choline and acetyl-CoA back into acetylcholine?

Answer 12

Choline Acetyl transferase

Question 13

once SERCA has reuptaked Ca+2 into the SR, what protein within the SR is responsible for maintaining the concentration gradient of Ca+2 so it is held within the SR?

Answer 13

Calsequestrin

Question 13

what does SERCA stand for?

Answer 13

Sarcoplasmic Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase

Question 14

Ultimately, Ca+2 will need to be released from the SR to go extracellularly, besides the Ca+2 ATPase pump, what other pump is responsible for this?

Answer 14

NCX

Question 15

How does NCX work?

Answer 15

NCX works by use the Na gradient to allow Na to come into muscle cell while
pushing Ca out of it

Question 16

What toxins inhibit Ca+2 channels within neurons?

Answer 16

Conotoxin

Question 17

How does BoTox work?

Answer 17

BoTox works by inhibiting ACh release by inhibiting the snare proteins necessary for vesicle fusion

Question 18

What compound prescribed inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity?

Answer 18

Physostigmine

Question 19

If one wanted to INCREASE muscle contraction and activity, what compounds would you prescribe?

Answer 19

Acetylcholine
NICOTINE

Question 20

what compound inhibits acetylcholine nicotinin receptors?

Answer 20

Tubocurarine (Curarine)

Question 21

what causes myasthenia gravis?

Answer 21

Autoimmune attack to the acetylcholine nicotinic receptors so ACh cannot bind

Question 22

KNOW THIS CHART

Answer 22

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