BC FIRST AID

Question 1

Motion Sickness

Answer 1

• an imbalance between visual images and the portion of the middle ear that senses motion.
• Mental and physical stress, as well as the rolling or pitching motion of a boat, contribute to motion sickness.
• SYMPTOMS
  (01) Nausea and vomiting,
  (02) Increased salivation,
  (03) Unusual paleness,
  (04) Sweating,
  (05) Drowsiness,
  (06) Overall weakness,
  (07) Stomach discomfort

Question 2

Prescribed anti-motion sickness medication must not be taken under the following circumstances:

Answer 2

• Without medical supervision,
• Within 12 hours of alcohol consumption,
• If pregnant, unless approved by primary care physician.

Question 3

SHOCK

Answer 3

- Shock is a depressed physiological or mental state. Shock develops when poor blood flow creates a shortage of oxygen being delivered throughout the
body.
- 1. Trauma (internal or external bleeding, blunt force [e.g., a fall, being
2. struck by a blunt object, etc.], fractures, and burns),
Allergic reaction,
Hypothermia,
Drugs,
Toxins,
Heart attack,
Illnesses such as diabetes,
Dehydration,
Emotional reaction

Question 4

what is the difference between symptom’s and signs

Answer 4

symptom- feel

sign - see by others

Question 5

symptoms of shock and signs?

Answer 5

Symptoms of shock include:
Restlessness,
Thirst,
Nausea,
Weakness,
Anxiousness,
Fright,
Dizziness,
Fatigue,
Feeling of impending doom.
Signs:

Signs of shock include:
Pulse – weak and rapid,
Breathing – shallow and rapid,
Skin – pale, cold, clammy (sweating),
Pupils – dilated (enlarged),
State of consciousness – alert (may be deceiving) to fainting and/or
unconscious.

Question 6

Anaphylactic Shock

Answer 6

Anaphylactic shock is a rapid, extreme allergic reaction. Swelling in the throat and airways and a drop in blood pressure may occur.

Question 7

Causes of Anaphylactic Shock?

Answer 7

Anaphylactic shock can be caused by ingesting peanuts and tree nuts, fish,
shellfish, taking antibiotics or aspirin, exposure to latex, and being stung by
bees, yellow jackets, wasps, hornets and fire ants among other substances.

Question 8

Symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock?

Answer 8

Symptoms of anaphylactic shock include:
-Skin: itching or burning, hives (raised rash), flushing (redness),
cyanosis (a bluish color) around the lips,
-Swelling of lips, tongue, feet, throat, hands (tingling of the lips,
mouth, and tongue and a feeling of a tightness in the throat are also common),
-Respiratory tract: wheezing, shortness of breath, -coughing,
-Headache,
-Altered mental status,
-Loss of consciousness.

Question 9

treatment for shock

Answer 9

Anaphylactic shock requires medication to counteract the allergic reaction to the substance.
If the victim carries an epinephrine kit (Epi-pen),
crewmembers may assist them in administration, if trained.

Question 10

CPR uses both artificial respirations and chest compressions to revive a victim in cardiac arrest.

Answer 10

• Quickly thrust inward and upward into abdomen
• Place 2 fingers on breastbone just below nipple line and give 5 chest thrusts
• alone, provide at least 2 minutes of care before
  activating EMS. -Begin CPR

Question 11

Heart Attack

Answer 11

symptom;
(01) Severe, crushing type of pain under the breastbone, arms, neck, and
jaw,
(02) Profuse sweating,
(03) Shortness of breath,
(04) Extreme anxiety,
(05) Nausea and vomiting,
(06) Bluish discoloration of lips, fingernails, and skin,
(07) Women often do not experience these signs and will describe
indigestion, weakness, or fatigue, and back pain.

Question 12

Treatment of heart attack?

Answer 12

following is the treatment for a heart attack:
(01) Keep the victim calm,
(02) Loosen any tight fitting clothing,
(03) Administer oxygen (if available and trained to do so),
(04) Place the victim in the position of most comfort. Sometimes the
victim may want to sit up, especially if the person is short of breath,
(05) Seek immediate medical assistance, activate local EMS,
(06) Determine if the victim is on any type of medication for a heart
condition such as nitro-glycerine or aspirin. If so, determine if the
victim has taken the medication as prescribed,
(07) Reassure the patient that assistance is on the way or that transport to a
hospital is imminent,
(08) Transport as quickly, but as safely, as possible.

Question 13

Stroke

Answer 13

A stroke is any interruption of the blood supply to the brain.

Question 14

The symptoms of a major stroke are:

Answer 14

The symptoms of a major stroke are:
(01) Unconsciousness,
(02) Shock,
(03) Confusion,
(04) Dizziness,
(05) Numbness/weakness to one side of the body,
(06) Seizures,
(07) Impaired vision,
Minor symptoms may be:
(08) Headache,
(09) Facial droop,
(10) Arm Weakness - or difficulty in using a limb,
(11) Difficulty speaking,
(12) A change in the ability to understand.

Question 15

acronym FAST is a good way to remember the symptoms of a stroke
and a quick way to check:

Answer 15

F – Facial Drooping
A- arm weakness
S- Speed difficulty
T- time is critical

Question 16

Treatment The following is the treatment for stroke:

Answer 16

• Activate EMS,
• Obtain medical assistance immediately,
• Treat for shock,
• If the victim has difficulty breathing, help the person maintain an open airway and provide rescue breathing if in respiratory arrest
• If the patient’s level of responsiveness is or becomes severely diminished, consider placing the person in a recovery position to protect the airway.

Question 17

Types of

Scuba Incidents

Answer 17

• Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE), sometimes called air emboli; AGE, or air bubbles in a diver’s blood, is most often found in divers who hold their breath during ascent.
• Decompression Sickness (DCS), sometimes called the “bends.” DCS may occur as the result of coming up too quickly from a deep, prolonged dive.

Question 18

Types of

Bleeding

Answer 18

Arterial- spurting blood, pulsating flow and bright red
Venous - Steady slow flow, dark red
Capillary- Slow even flow

Question 19

Control of

Bleeding

Answer 19

With only 10 pints of blood in the human body, arterial bleeding can cause death in a short time

Question 20

methods used to stop bleeding?

Answer 20

Direct pressure
Elevation
Pressure point
Tourniquet - after applying it, do not loosen or remove it.

Question 21

Types of

Fractures

Answer 21

• Compound (open) fracture:

- Simple (closed) fracture:

Question 22

How many bones in the human body?

Answer 22

There are 206 bones in the human body.

Question 23

How many types of burns?

Answer 23

• First-degree or Superficial, sunburn
• Second-degree or Partial Thickness, bubble up
• Third-degree or Full Thickness burnt char

Question 24

What is the burn % for the Chest and back? Arms? Legs? Head? Genitals?

Answer 24

chest and back are 18%
arms are 9%
each leg is 18%
Head is 9%
Genitals= 1%

Question 25

Frostbite is the development of ice crystals within body tissues.

Answer 25

Frostbite is most likely to develop in air temperatures less than 20° F (-6.6° C).

Question 26

Sun screen lotion with a sun protection factor (SPF) of

Answer 26

15 or higher should be used.

Question 27

Heat Stroke

Answer 27

Heat stroke is a major medical emergency and results from the complete breakdown of the body’s sweating and heat regulatory mechanisms.

Question 28

The major symptoms of heat stroke are:

Answer 28

(01) Red skin, hot and dry to the touch (cessation of sweating),
(02) Characteristic body temperature above 105° F (40.5° C),
(03) Headache,
(04) Weak and rapid pulse,
(05) Confusion, violence, lack of coordination, delirium, and/or
unconsciousness,
(06) Brain damage (if immediate medical treatment is not given).

Question 29

water

Answer 29

Under
conditions of profuse sweating, each person will require one pint (0.5 liters) or
more of fluid intake per hour. Water should be taken in small quantities at
frequent intervals, such as every 20 or 30 minutes.

Question 30

salt

Answer 30

The average diet provides from 15 - 20 grams of salt daily.