BC FIRST AID Flashcards
Motion Sickness
- an imbalance between visual images and the portion of the middle ear that senses motion.
- Mental and physical stress, as well as the rolling or pitching motion of a boat, contribute to motion sickness.
- SYMPTOMS
(01) Nausea and vomiting,
(02) Increased salivation,
(03) Unusual paleness,
(04) Sweating,
(05) Drowsiness,
(06) Overall weakness,
(07) Stomach discomfort
Prescribed anti-motion sickness medication must not be taken under the following circumstances:
- Without medical supervision,
- Within 12 hours of alcohol consumption,
- If pregnant, unless approved by primary care physician.
SHOCK
- Shock is a depressed physiological or mental state. Shock develops when poor blood flow creates a shortage of oxygen being delivered throughout the body. - 1. Trauma (internal or external bleeding, blunt force [e.g., a fall, being 2. struck by a blunt object, etc.], fractures, and burns), Allergic reaction, Hypothermia, Drugs, Toxins, Heart attack, Illnesses such as diabetes, Dehydration, Emotional reaction
what is the difference between symptom’s and signs
symptom- feel
sign - see by others
symptoms of shock and signs?
Symptoms of shock include: Restlessness, Thirst, Nausea, Weakness, Anxiousness, Fright, Dizziness, Fatigue, Feeling of impending doom. Signs:
Signs of shock include: Pulse – weak and rapid, Breathing – shallow and rapid, Skin – pale, cold, clammy (sweating), Pupils – dilated (enlarged), State of consciousness – alert (may be deceiving) to fainting and/or unconscious.
Anaphylactic Shock
Anaphylactic shock is a rapid, extreme allergic reaction. Swelling in the throat and airways and a drop in blood pressure may occur.
Causes of Anaphylactic Shock?
Anaphylactic shock can be caused by ingesting peanuts and tree nuts, fish,
shellfish, taking antibiotics or aspirin, exposure to latex, and being stung by
bees, yellow jackets, wasps, hornets and fire ants among other substances.
Symptoms of Anaphylactic Shock?
Symptoms of anaphylactic shock include:
-Skin: itching or burning, hives (raised rash), flushing (redness),
cyanosis (a bluish color) around the lips,
-Swelling of lips, tongue, feet, throat, hands (tingling of the lips,
mouth, and tongue and a feeling of a tightness in the throat are also common),
-Respiratory tract: wheezing, shortness of breath, -coughing,
-Headache,
-Altered mental status,
-Loss of consciousness.
treatment for shock
Anaphylactic shock requires medication to counteract the allergic reaction to the substance.
If the victim carries an epinephrine kit (Epi-pen),
crewmembers may assist them in administration, if trained.
CPR uses both artificial respirations and chest compressions to revive a victim in cardiac arrest.
- Quickly thrust inward and upward into abdomen
- Place 2 fingers on breastbone just below nipple line and give 5 chest thrusts
- alone, provide at least 2 minutes of care before
activating EMS. -Begin CPR
Heart Attack
symptom;
(01) Severe, crushing type of pain under the breastbone, arms, neck, and
jaw,
(02) Profuse sweating,
(03) Shortness of breath,
(04) Extreme anxiety,
(05) Nausea and vomiting,
(06) Bluish discoloration of lips, fingernails, and skin,
(07) Women often do not experience these signs and will describe
indigestion, weakness, or fatigue, and back pain.
Treatment of heart attack?
following is the treatment for a heart attack:
(01) Keep the victim calm,
(02) Loosen any tight fitting clothing,
(03) Administer oxygen (if available and trained to do so),
(04) Place the victim in the position of most comfort. Sometimes the
victim may want to sit up, especially if the person is short of breath,
(05) Seek immediate medical assistance, activate local EMS,
(06) Determine if the victim is on any type of medication for a heart
condition such as nitro-glycerine or aspirin. If so, determine if the
victim has taken the medication as prescribed,
(07) Reassure the patient that assistance is on the way or that transport to a
hospital is imminent,
(08) Transport as quickly, but as safely, as possible.
Stroke
A stroke is any interruption of the blood supply to the brain.
The symptoms of a major stroke are:
The symptoms of a major stroke are: (01) Unconsciousness, (02) Shock, (03) Confusion, (04) Dizziness, (05) Numbness/weakness to one side of the body, (06) Seizures, (07) Impaired vision, Minor symptoms may be: (08) Headache, (09) Facial droop, (10) Arm Weakness - or difficulty in using a limb, (11) Difficulty speaking, (12) A change in the ability to understand.
acronym FAST is a good way to remember the symptoms of a stroke
and a quick way to check:
F – Facial Drooping
A- arm weakness
S- Speed difficulty
T- time is critical
Treatment The following is the treatment for stroke:
- Activate EMS,
- Obtain medical assistance immediately,
- Treat for shock,
- If the victim has difficulty breathing, help the person maintain an open airway and provide rescue breathing if in respiratory arrest
- If the patient’s level of responsiveness is or becomes severely diminished, consider placing the person in a recovery position to protect the airway.
Types of
Scuba Incidents
- Arterial Gas Embolism (AGE), sometimes called air emboli; AGE, or air bubbles in a diver’s blood, is most often found in divers who hold their breath during ascent.
- Decompression Sickness (DCS), sometimes called the “bends.” DCS may occur as the result of coming up too quickly from a deep, prolonged dive.
Types of
Bleeding
Arterial- spurting blood, pulsating flow and bright red
Venous - Steady slow flow, dark red
Capillary- Slow even flow
Control of
Bleeding
With only 10 pints of blood in the human body, arterial bleeding can cause death in a short time
methods used to stop bleeding?
Direct pressure
Elevation
Pressure point
Tourniquet - after applying it, do not loosen or remove it.
Types of
Fractures
- Compound (open) fracture:
- Simple (closed) fracture:
How many bones in the human body?
There are 206 bones in the human body.
How many types of burns?
- First-degree or Superficial, sunburn
- Second-degree or Partial Thickness, bubble up
- Third-degree or Full Thickness burnt char
What is the burn % for the Chest and back? Arms? Legs? Head? Genitals?
chest and back are 18% arms are 9% each leg is 18% Head is 9% Genitals= 1%
