BC and hydrocarbons : naming organic chemicals

Question 1

what is the element that is the common factor of organic chemistry ?

Answer 1

carbon

Question 2

why can carbon form may compounds ?

Answer 2

• a carbon atom can form bonds with other carbon atoms to make chains and rings
• a carbon atom can form , single , double or triple bond to another carbon atom
  -a carbon atom can bond with atoms of other elements , such as oxygen , hydrogen ,nitrogen , phosphorous and the halogens

Question 3

what group is carbon in ?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

how many electrons does carbon have in it’s outer shell , which means … ?

Answer 4

4 , these pair up with electrons from other atoms to form 4 covalent bonds

Question 5

what do organic compounds may have but also .. ?

Answer 5

• share the same molecular formula
  -but have different arrangements of atoms
  –> so different properties

Question 6

why is it important that each substance has its own unique name ?

Answer 6

as scientist communicate in many different languages

Question 7

who/what developed the naming system ?

Answer 7

IUPAC
- the international union pure and applied chemistry

Question 8

what is the system of naming compounds called ?

Answer 8

nomenclature

Question 9

what does the IUPAC have ?

Answer 9

a derived set of systematic rules for naming organic compounds

Question 10

where is this published ?

Answer 10

in the blue book

Question 11

why has the organisation developed this ?

Answer 11

• to ensure that every organic chemical has a unique name which allows it to be recognised anywhere in the world

Question 12

what is the organisation governing and where ?

Answer 12

naming for newly discovered elements
- published in the ‘Red Book
- containing information about how to name inorganic compounds

Question 13

define homologous series

Answer 13

a series of organic compounds that have the same functional group with successive members differing by CH2

Question 14

what is the homologous series ?

Answer 14

• family of organic chemicals

Question 15

what are hydrocarbons ?

Answer 15

made up of molecules that contain only hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms

Question 16

define an aliphatic hydrocarbon

Answer 16

is a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in straight or branched chains

Question 17

define an alicyclic hydrocarbon

Answer 17

is a hydrocarbon with carbon atoms joined together in a ring structure

Question 18

define aromatic hydrocarbons

Answer 18

contain at least one benzene ring

Question 19

what is the simplest homologous series ?

Answer 19

alkanes

Question 20

what hydrocarbon structure are alkanes ?

Answer 20

• aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons
• they only contain carbon and hydrogen joined together by single covalent bonds

Question 21

list the first 10 members of the alkanes homologous series

Answer 21

methane Many
ethane Elephants
propane Prefer
butane Blue
pentane Paint
hexane Happy
heptane Hippos
octane Often
nonane Need
decane Desserts

Question 22

what is the alkane formula ?

Answer 22

CH2

Question 23

what is the displayed formula for all the alkanes ?

Answer 23

find in textbook ?

Question 24

what is displayed formula for all the alkanes ?

Answer 24

find in textbook :)

Question 25

what are the three rules that needs to be considered when naming a organic compound ?

Answer 25

- STEM - the main part of the name - generated by identifying the longest carbon chain or parent chain - SUFFIX - the end of the name ; identifies the most important functional group - PREFIX - the front part of the name ; identifies the other functional group and carbon atoms they are attached to

Question 26

what happens when a hydrogen atoms is removed from an alkane ?

Answer 26

an alkyl group is formed

Question 27

list all the alkyl group names 1-10:

Answer 27

methyl ethyl propyl butyl pentyl hexyl heptyl octyl nonyl decycl

Question 28

list all the alkyl formulas 1-10

Answer 28

find in textbook

Question 29

what are the numbers used to indicate when naming compounds ?

Answer 29

which carbon atoms an alkyl group is joined to

Question 30

what are dashes used for when naming compounds ?

Answer 30

to separate numbers from words

Question 31

what are commas used for when naming compounds ?

Answer 31

to separate numbers

Question 32

what are prefixes written in ?

Answer 32

alphabetical order

Question 33

what does the smallest number indicate ?

Answer 33

which carbons they are joined to

Question 34

define functional groups

Answer 34

a group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a compound

Question 35

what are functional groups either or ....

Answer 35

- if suffix is the most important group - if prefix is an additional functional group

Question 36

organic compounds with more than one identical group :

Answer 36

di - shows 2 of the same group tri - indicates 3 of the same groups tetra - describes 4 identical groups

Question 37

what are functional groups ?

Answer 37

a specific part of a molecule that determines how it behaves in chemical reactions

Question 38

give an example of a functional group

Answer 38

alkene - has a double bond like in ethene

Question 39

why are functional groups so important ?

Answer 39

- as they decide how a molecule reacts

Question 40

draw a table of allow prefix and suffix of organic compounds (10)

Answer 40

find in textbook :)

Question 41

what do saturated bonds only have ?

Answer 41

single bonds

Question 42

state the differences between ethane and ethene

Question 43

give both the: - molecular formula - displayed formula --> for these organic compounds a) trichloromethane b ) butanal c ) pentan- 3-ol d ) 2-bromo-1-chlorobtane

Answer 43

find online ig :)

Question 44

what is a unsaturated hydrocarbon ?

Answer 44

- contains carbon-to carbon multiple bonds

Question 45

what properties does the homologous series have ?

Answer 45

- they contain the same functional group - they have similar chemical properties - each successive member of a homologous series differs by 1 carbon and 2 hydrogen atoms : a -CH2- group

Question 46

what are alkanes in terms of structure ?

Answer 46

- are saturated straight-chained hydrocarbons with single C-C bonds only

Question 47

what does each carbon have a shape of and bond angle of ?

Answer 47

tetrahedral shape and 109.5

Question 48

what does the stem indicate ?

Answer 48

- the number of carbon atoms in the longest carbon chain present in the compound

Question 49

when is the prefix added?

Answer 49

before the stem as part of the name

Question 50

when is the suffix added ?

Answer 50

- after the stem as part of the name

Question 51

what is the ORDER of priority of functional groups ?

Answer 51

- carboxylic acids - esters - acid chlorides - amides - nitriles - aldheydes - ketones - alcohols - amines - esthers - alkenes - alkynes - alkanes - ether - halogenolakanes - nitrogroup

Question 52

what are the prefix for indicates different numbers of identical groups ?

Answer 52

di - added to 2 identical groups tri - added to 3 identical groups tetra - added to 4 identical groups