Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BC Test 2 > BC 17 Translation > Flashcards

BC 17 Translation Flashcards

1
Q

Translation

A

Makes it 5’-3’
5-NH2 3-COOH

most higly conseved process
most energetically costly

mRNA
tRNA
aminoacyl tRAN syntesis
ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

START and STOP

A

Start: AUG methionine
-begins translation and DEFINES FRAME

STOP: UGA, UAG, UAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mutations

A

Missense: mutation that results in different amino acid

Nonsense: STOP CODON

Silent: same AA

Frameshift: can be missense or nonsense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

degenerate

A

genetic code description

all AA are made by at least TWO codonds (triple letters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tRNA

A

transfer

75-90 nucleiotides in length
-cloverleaf, self complementary
(3D L with four relevant sites)

  1. 3’ CCA-OH for attachment
    - AA attache to ribose adenine (of CCA)
  2. anticodon triplet sequence that is used to base pair to one or moe codonds for an AA in an antiparallel fashion

CODONS written in 5-3 direction whereas anticodons in tRNA are written in 3-5 direction
-anticodon for methionine UAC-5’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

aminoacyl tRNA synthetase

A

determines accurace of protein syntehsis

  • adds correct addition of AA to its appropriate tRNA
  • different aa-tRNA synthetase for each AA

-proper H bonding between mRNA and anticodon of tRNA also makes difference.

basically brings AA and tRNA with corresponding sequence together, linkage is ATP dependent. (HIGH ENERGY BOND)

bound tRNA to mRNA is CHARGED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ribosomes

A

protien synthesis

multisubunit

  • large-catalyze peptide bond formation
  • small- decoding center: binds to the mRNA and the tRNA

-one mRNA can have multiple Ribosomes bound for more production

A; Aminoacylated tRNA site
P: peptidyl tRNA site
E: exit site

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A: aminoacylated tRNA site

A

Incoming site, incoming CHARGED tRNA dock here according to mRNA sequence when ribosome bound,

the PP chain bound to a tRHA at teh P site forms a covalent bond with the AA at teh E site, then moves from E to P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

peptidyl site (Psite)

A

once the peptide bond has formed at teh A site, the tRNA with newly elongated chain moves here. No peptide bonds are fomed here.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

E site

A

Exit site, release tRNA with no pp chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Translation Factors

A

IF - eIF2
EF - eIF4E, eIF4G
RF - eF1alpha

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

prokaryotic translation

A

multicistronic

euk, mono

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Prokaryotic translation factors

A

Shine Delgarno Sequence
-ribosomal binding site (16s rRNA aka SMALL), just upstream, aligns with start codon

-binds ribosomes to every start site between cistons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Eukaryotic ribosome binding site

A

5’ cap recruits small ribosomal subunit. Ribosome SCANS 5-3 looking for AUG

also, ????
initiatior tRNA binding to a conserved sequence
polyA tail (for recycling of ribosomes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

eIF4G eIF4E

A

bind to 5’ cap and position RNA on small ribosomal subunit. (uncoupled transcription/translation)

mainly transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

eukaryotic translation initiation

A
  1. charged initiator tRNA binding to eIF2. which is bound to GTP
  2. Binding of eIF2/GTP to the tRNA brings the tRNA to the small ribosomal sununit.
  3. eIF4G and 4E bind to the 5’ end of the mRNA
  4. small ribosomal subunit the binds to 5’ end of mRNA
  5. small Rb subunit scans for first AUG
  6. Once the correct AUG is located GTP is hdrolized. eIF2/GDP dissociates and large subunit joins
    - eIF2 releases GDP and bind new GTP before it can initiate again
    - met-tRNA must be at P site for initiation
17
Q

Euk Elongation

A
  1. correct AA tRNA into A site,
  2. peptide bond between aaTRNA in A and aa tRNA in P (peptidul transferase)
  3. aa tRNA in A site translocates to P site, (EF’s and GTP hydrolysis)
  4. aatRNA do not bind to ribosomes on their own, must be escorted by EF1alph and GTP
  5. EF1alpha binding prevents peptide bond formation until EF1alpha releases tRNA-hydrolysis
  6. hydolysis, ef1alpha leaves
  7. peptidyl tranferase catalyses bond formation.
    - release also initiates move to E site
18
Q

euk termination

A

UAA UAG UGA

no rRNA with anticodon complimentary to termination codon

instead relast factors eRF;s that recognize termination codons and terminate

Bind at A site and stimulate hydrolysis of pbond between tRNA and pp chain at P site. Release PP chain.
tRNA then relased, and RIb and mRNA dissociate

19
Q

streptomycin

A

affects innitiation

inhibits, causes misreading

20
Q

tetracycline

A

ihibits elongation byu hinding of aminoacyl tRNA from binding site to A site

21
Q

chloramphenicol

A

inhibits elongation byt targeting peptidyl transferase center, blocks positioning of A site

22
Q

Erythromycin

A

ihhibits elongation. prevents translocation from a to p

BC Test 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions