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BC 1-10 Terms > BC 1-10 terms > Flashcards

BC 1-10 terms Flashcards

1
Q

group of five men who served as liaisons between Robespierre and the Assembly; overthrown by Napoleon

A

Directory

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2
Q

The third estate of estate general
-broke form the estates because they wanted the estates to sit a as a committee and not as segregated groups.

A

National Assembly

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3
Q

Led the mountains with Robespierre
- also executed with Robespierre

A

Danton

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4
Q

Napoleon’s painter
- painted the famous portrait of Napoleon’s coronation

A

David

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5
Q

written by the national convention
- declared all men could do anything as long as it didn’t harm others

A

Declaration of the rights of man

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6
Q

Created by the national convention, it was established after the French revolution, was the first day of the French Republic

A

Revolutionary Calendar

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7
Q

Established and led by Robespierre, fixed bread prices and nationalized some businesses. Basically secret police and also controlled the war effort. Instigated the reign of terror.

A

Committee of Public Safety

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8
Q

Led by Gracchus; an attempt to renew violent rebellion after the Thermidore reaction

A

Conspiracy of Equals

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9
Q

Form of government which followed the directory
- established by Napoleon
-ended when Napoleon was crowned Emperor

A

Consulate

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10
Q

Paper currency, the French churches were used as collateral
- the first French paper currency issued by the national Assembly

A

Assignats

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11
Q

Medieval fortress that was converted to a prison, stormed by peasants for ammunition during the early stages of the French revolution

A

Bastille

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12
Q

Comfortable members of the 3rd estate. Basically middle class, wanted privileges of the nobility and upper clergy

A

Bourgeoisie

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13
Q

not called since 1614
- Finally called by Louis XVI
-Demanded control over the king’s finances
-He refused and dismissed them

A

Estates General

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14
Q

Tax on salt during Pre-revolutionary France
- included in the estate’s list of grievances

A

Gabelle

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15
Q

One of the two halves of the divided nation convention. More moderate than the opposing mountains, led by Robespierre, they represented the countryside

A

Girondists

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16
Q

Followed the storming of the bastille, people were scared of outlaws and reprisals
-Fanned the flames of Rebellion

A

Great Fear

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17
Q

Fast and relatively humane. Used for mass executions

A

Guillotine

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18
Q

Created by napoleon
-kept to watch over their own area of France. Allowed Napoleon to not have to worry about petty problems. Two main functions was to enforce royal orders and weaken the power of the reginal nobility.

A

Intendants

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19
Q

Laws that obligated all French man between certain ages to enlist in the army.

A

Levee En Masse

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20
Q

King of France
- Executed for treason by the national convention in 1793
- Absolute monarch
-Husband of Marie Antoinette

A

Louis XVI

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21
Q

A very radical Jacobin and member of the national assembly
- Led the Mountains
- Began and led the committee of safety
- Began the reign of terror.
-Executed in 1794

A

Robespierre

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22
Q

(without breeches)
Petty laborers and laboring poor who were not part of the national convention
- they wore pants, not knee breeches
- became a major political group in Revolutionary France

A

Sans-Culottes

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23
Q

Taken by the national Assembly
- stated that they would not disband until they had make a new constitution. Met in Tennis Court because they were unable to go to their meeting place

A

Tennis Court Oath

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24
Q

Louis XVI’s wife and sister of Leopold of Austria
- Executed

A

Marie Antoinette

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25
Q

The killing of the king

A

Regicide

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26
Q
  • 1806
    Issued by Napoleon, instituted the continental system, in the response to British blockade of commercial ports under French control.
A

Berlin Decree

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27
Q

(1806 - 1812)
French economic plan to cripple Britain. Russia’s refusal to conform led to the Russian Campaign.

A

Continental System

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28
Q

Combined French armies under Napoleon. Virtually destroyed during Napoleon’s ill-fated Russian Campaign.

A

The Grand Army

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29
Q

(1814 - 1824)
Tried to issue a constitutional charter which accepted many revolutionary changes and guaranteed civil liberties.

A

Louis XVIII

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30
Q

Passed by Napoleon. Took away many of the rights gained by women, aimed at reestablishing the “Family Monarchy.”

A

Napoleonic Code

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31
Q

A vote of the people

A

Plebiscite

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32
Q

French representative at the congress of Vienna and limited the demands of other countries upon the French.

A

Talleyrand

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33
Q

Sooth Atlantic island, Napoleon’s final home after the battle of Waterloo.

A

Saint Helena

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34
Q

Austrian foreign minister who controlled the congress of Vienna. Wanted to promote peace, conservatism, and the repression of liberal nationalism throughout.

A

Metternich

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35
Q

British representative at congress of Vienna.

A

Castlereagh

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36
Q

The time from Napoleon’s return from exile on Elba to defeat at waterloo.

A

The Hundred Days

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37
Q

invented water frame at almost the same time as the spinning jenny was invented.

A

Sir Richard Arkwright

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38
Q

Believed public problems should be dealt with on a rational scientific bases and in the idea of the greatest good for the greatest number. Wrote Principles of Morals and….

A

Jeremy Bentham

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39
Q

Inventor of the modern power Loom

A

Edward Cartwright

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40
Q

agitation against poor laws - working class discontent.

A

Chartism

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41
Q

1799 and 1800, made trade and unionism illegal.

A

Combination Acts

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42
Q

pamphlet written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels basis of socialism

A

The Communist Manifesto

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43
Q

1815 tariff on imported grain to protect domestic producers

A

Corn Laws

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44
Q

Refined pig iron-pudding furnace

A

Henry Cort

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45
Q

British conservative, extended vote to all middle class male workers in attempt to broaden Aristocratic voter base

A

Benjamin Disraeli

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46
Q

Condition of working class in England. Societies problems caused by capitalism and competition.

A

Friedrich Engels

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47
Q

Created factory work day for children between 9-13 to 8 hours a day. Outlawed child labor under nine factory owners established schools.

A

Factory Act 1833

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48
Q

French social theorist criticized capitalism, wanted socialist utopia and emancipation of women

A

Charles Fourier

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49
Q

About 1705 invented spinning Jenny

A

James Hargreaves

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50
Q

New inventions, cotton and iron changed small business beyond all recognition.

A

Industrialization

51
Q

Inventor of flying shuttle 1733

A

John Kay

52
Q

minimal governmental interference in the economic affairs, Adam Smith and Francois Quesnay

A

Laissez-faire Capitalism

53
Q

German, Father of Socialism, emancipation of women, communist manifesto

A

Karl Marx

54
Q

1705 invented steam engine that used coal, very efficient

A

Thomas Newcomen

55
Q

Scottish, spoke out about hiring children, created mills in New Harmony

A

Robert Owen

56
Q

English foreign minister during revolution of 1848

A

Henry Palmerston

57
Q

Draft of reform bill which called for universal suffrage, payment of members of parliament, and annual elections

A

A People’s Charter

58
Q

1834, gave aid to the poor, but not very helpful against unemployment. Very favorable to employers.

A

Poor Law

59
Q

1832, modified the old political system by easing voting qualifications.

A

First Reform Bill

60
Q

1867, conservatives and liberals trying to gain votes

A

Second Reform Bill

61
Q

Political party in Britain controlled by aristocracy

A

Tory

62
Q

ideal society based on socialist ideas
Louis Blanc and Charles Fourier

A

Utopian Socialism

63
Q

added a condense to Newcomer’s steam engine to make it more efficient. Led to steam becoming a viable source of power.

A

James Watt

64
Q

British Party more responsive to commercial and manufacturing interests

A

Whig

65
Q

King of Piedmont-Sardinia

A

Victor Emmanuel II

66
Q

Where Napoleon III and Cavour met to arrange their secret treaty to incite Austria intro war

A

Plombieres

67
Q

King of Austria

A

Franz Joseph

68
Q

signed in 1859 and ceded lombardy to Piedmont-Sardinia

A

Treaty of Zurich

69
Q

Economic union of German states

A

Zollverin

70
Q

Prussian Nobles

A

Junkers

71
Q

A diet that tries to unify the German states

A

Frankfurt Parliament

72
Q

idea that a country should do anything necessary to get what it wanted

A

Realpolitik

73
Q

Prime minister of Prussia

A

Otto von Bismarck

74
Q

Becomes the king of Prussia in 1861 and is extremely conservative, he appoints Bismarck as the prime minister

A

Wilhelm I

75
Q

started in 1864 over Denmark’s annexation of Schleswig-Holstein

A

Prussian-Danish Conflict

76
Q

Started by the Ems telegraph and was caused by the succession to queen Isabella II’s throne by Leopold

A

Franco-Prussian War

77
Q

a dynastic family of mainly Prussians/Austrians

A

Hohenzollern

78
Q

Prussia gains thee territories with the French loss in the Franco-Prussian War

A

Alsace and Lorraine

79
Q

Date of German Unification at the hall of Mirrors at Versailles

A

January 18, 1871

80
Q

Emperor of Germany

A

Kaiser

81
Q

a struggle between church and state in Germany, led to the persecution of Roman Catholics as most Germans were Protestant

A

Kulturkamf

82
Q

Confederation of 22 states that formed the foundation of the German empire

A

North German Confederation

83
Q

Created in 1866 after Austria’s loss in the seven weeks war, it was a dual monarchy and gone the Magyars their own Parliament

A

Austrian-Hungary

84
Q

National Guard in Prussia

A

Landwehr

85
Q

treaty that created dual monarchy of Austria - Hungary, also known as the Compromise of 1867

A

Ausgleich

86
Q

France, Britain, ottomans VS Russia. Russia tried to expand and establish a port in the black sea

A

Crimean War

87
Q

Sent to Mexico by Napoleon, Heir to the Hapsburg throne

A

Austrian Archduke Maximilan

88
Q

Brief rule of Paris by Monarchist supporters

A

Paris Commune

89
Q

The phrase “blood and Iron: has become a popular description of his foreign policy partly because he did on occasion resort to war to further the unification of Germany and the expansion of its continental power. Thus he became known as the Iron Chancellor.

A

“Blood and Iron”

90
Q

founded 1949, “federal Council” that represents the 16 federal states of Germany at the national

A

Bundesat

91
Q

Sept. 20 1819: universities and schools under gov’t scrutiny, student societies dismissed censorship of press

A

Carlsbad Decrees

92
Q

Peace treaty signed May 1871 ending the France - Prussian War

A

Treaty of Frankfurt

93
Q

Literally meaning “spirit of the people” or “National character”: a unique “spirit” possessed collectively by each people or nation

A

Volksqeist

94
Q

the policy of placing high tariffs on imports in order to protect domestic industries from foreign competition

A

Protectionism

95
Q

the imposition of the highest ranking military officer as the military governor or as the mead of the government

A

Martial law

96
Q

Many people favored a “large Germany” which would include German - speaking regions of Austria and be dominated by Austria

A

Gross Deutschland

97
Q

Many people favored a “small Germany” dominated by Prussia

A

Klein Deutschland

98
Q

Ended Austro-Prussian War

A

Treaty of Prague

99
Q

field Marshall, chief of the general staff assisted Bismarck in his military campaign for unification. Modernized Methods of training use of railroads to transport solders and supplies

A

Helmuth Von Moltke

100
Q

Minister of war, helped Bismarck in unification efforts. Raised a large, well-trained army in Prussia with an efficient system for military reserves

A

Albrencht Von Roon

101
Q

Emperor of Russia: Advanced moderate reforms for Russia; Emancipated the serfs; he was assassinated

A

Alexander II

102
Q

Tsar of Russia; forced to abdicate the thrown after Romanov’s had ruled for 300 years

A

Nicholas II

103
Q

Headed the provisional government in the 1917; Refused to redistribute confiscated landholdings to the peasants. though fighting in the war was a national duty

A

Alexander-Kerensky

104
Q

Majority Group

A

Bolsheviks

104
Q

Secret police set up by Lenin, arrested “Enemies of the Revolution”

A

Cheka

105
Q

Uprising in Russia, first manifestation of the modern Revolutionary movement inspired by ideology

A

Decembrist Revolt

106
Q

Popular parliament

A

Duma

107
Q

Wanted to be the savior of Russia; tried to stage a coup, demanded the resignation of all ministers. Kerensky ordered him to turn over command but soldiers refused to follow him.

A

General Kornilov

108
Q

Minister of Finance 1892 -1903: supported reforms in Russia

A

Sergei Wite

109
Q

Bolsheviks become the leader of Russia

A

March Revolution

110
Q

Minority Group

A

Mensheviks

111
Q

Issued in Russia because of fear of a general strike. Granted full civil rights and a popular parliament-duma

A

October Manifesto

112
Q

Lenn’s slogan in the revolution. Peace from the war; land for the peasants; food for all.

A

Peace, Bread, Land

113
Q

Persecution of minorities, especially the Jews in Russia

A

Pogroms

114
Q

Leader if the Red Army, favored to take control of Russia after Lenin’s death but lost the power struggle with Stalin

A

Leon Trotsky

115
Q

Treaty between Bolsheviks and Germans to get Russia out of the war. 1) Russia lost 1/3 of her population. 2) Height of German success in WWI signed by Lenin

A

V.I. Lenin

116
Q

Local assembles in Russia

A

Zemstvos

117
Q

Communes in Russia prior to 1917; agricultural cooperatives, with farmland divided up among the commune household.

A

Mir

118
Q

A system of Rule where one person holds total and supreme power makes decisions without the approval of any other legal body

A

Autocracy

119
Q

Wealthy peasant class

A

Kulaks

120
Q

Industrial working class, had no weather property, only income was their own labor

A

Proletariat

121
Q

A political philosophy that believes that no form of government is necessary or desirable encourages a society of workers limits involuntary associates without any form of leadership hierarchy

A

Anarchism

122
Q

One of several factors leading to the downfall of the tsar; holy man and healer

A

Grigori Rasputin

123
Q

Prime minster served as the third leader of the Duma aimed to counter unrest by undertaking reforms that could improve life for Russian peasants

A

Pyotr Stolypin

BC 1-10 Terms (1 decks)

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