BBH 203 Exam 1

Question 1

neurons

Answer 1

electrogenic cells that allow for rapid signaling throughout the body (around 86 billion in the brain)

Question 2

glia

Answer 2

support cells (glue) of the nervous system

Question 3

neuronal structure

Answer 3

• cell body
• dendrites
• axon

Question 4

cell body

Answer 4

a structure at the center of the neuron containing biological mechanisms for maintaining cellular life
Input Zone
- usual organelles
- axon hillock (where the body turns into the axon) –> integration zone

Question 5

dendrites

Answer 5

branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information
- dendritic spines

Question 6

axon

Answer 6

the neuron extension that passes messages through its branches to other neurons or to muscles or glands
Conduct and Output zone
- axon collaterals
- axon terminals ( or buton)

Question 7

neuronal types by function

Answer 7

• sensory -> afferent (incoming)
• motor -> efferent (outgoing)
• interneuron (everything else)

Question 8

CNS glia cells

Answer 8

• astrocytes
• oligodendrocytes
• ependymal cells
• microglia

Question 9

PNS glia cells

Answer 9

• satellite cells
• schwann cells

Question 10

astrocytes

Answer 10

• maintain chemical & structural milieu of CNS
• related to satellite cells

Question 11

oligodendrocytes & Schwann Cells

Answer 11

form myelin sheath

Question 12

myelin sheath

Answer 12

covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses

Question 13

ependymal cells

Answer 13

produce and regulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 14

microglia

Answer 14

immune cells of nervous system
(infections, break down diseased tissue)

Question 15

central nervous system

Answer 15

• brain
• spinal cord

Question 16

peripheral nervous system

Answer 16

• cranial nerves
• spinal nerves

Question 17

grey matter

Answer 17

• neuronal/glia cell bodies (somata)
• dendrites & axons (w/o myelin)

Question 18

white matter

Answer 18

axons ( w/ myelin)

Question 19

functionally similar grey matter densities

Answer 19

• nuclei (CNS)
• ganglia ( PNS)

Question 20

Bundles of axons ( myelinated or unmyelinated)

Answer 20

• tract (CNS)
• nerve (PNS)

Question 21

gyrus

Answer 21

ridge (of the brain)

Question 22

neuraxis

Answer 22

an imaginary line that runs the length of the spinal cord to the front of the brain

Question 23

sulcus

Answer 23

groove (of the brain)

Question 24

cephalic flexure

Answer 24

where the neuraxis bends (junction between forebrain and midbrain)

Question 25

ipsilateral

Answer 25

same side

Question 26

contralateral

Answer 26

opposite side

Question 27

bilateral

Answer 27

both sides

Question 28

decussation

Answer 28

structure that goes across the body (starts on one side, ends on the other)

Question 29

midsagittal

Answer 29

special sagittal plane that bisects the brain along the longitudinal fissue

Question 30

cerebral cortex

Answer 30

• frontal lobe
• temporal lobe
• parietal lobe
• occipital lobe
• limbic lobe

Question 31

layers of cerebral cortex

Answer 31

neocortex ( 6 layers) –> newer
allocortex ( 3-5 layers) –> older

Question 32

central sulcus ; lateral sulcus

Answer 32

the frontal lobe is bounded posteriorly by the __ and inferiorly by the __

Question 33

frontal lobe functions

Answer 33

• primary motor cortex –> voluntary movement
• premotor cortex & supplemental motor area –> motor planning and sequencing
• broca’s area –> motor production of speech ( left hemisphere)
• prefrontal cortex –> executive functioning