Bbbh Flashcards
– is an ethical theory that argues for the goodness of pleasure
and the determination of right behavior based on the usefulness of the
action’s consequences.
Utilitarianism
was an English philosopher, political radical, legal and social reformer of the early modern period. He is best known as the founder
of Utilitarianism
Jeremy bentham
was an English philosopher, political economist, and
member of the British parliament of the early modern period. He defined
Utilitarianism as an ethical thought based on the principle that “actions are
right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, and wrong as they
tend to produce the reverse of happiness.”
John stuart mill
is about our subjection to these sovereign masters:
pleasure and pain. The principle refers to the motivation of our actions as
guided by our avoidance of pain and our desire for pleasure. It is like saying
that in our everyday actions we do what is pleasurable and we do not do what is painful.
Principle of utility
is an ethical theory that states that the rightness or wrongness of an action relies on its outcomes. It is the view that the main determinant of the morality of an act is its consequences.
Consequentialism
argues that pleasure and happiness are the main aims of human
life and the highest of all intrinsic goods achievable by humankind.
Hedonism
Utilitarianism is interested with
everyone’s happiness, in fact, the greatest happiness of the greatest number.
This means that it is necessary for us to consider everyone’s happiness,
including our own, as the standard by which to evaluate what is moral.
Principle of the greatest number
is derived from the Latin word jus meaning right. It means to
accord each person what he or she deserves or to give each person his or her
due.
Justice
Characteristic of justice
Characteristics of Justice
Justice is a social norm that is directive for guiding humans
in their actions toward one another.
Justice is approbative in the sense that judging an action to
be just manifests approval of that action.
Justice is obligatory in the sense that judging a certain course
of action to be just entails that a person in a similar situation
ought to do the same thing.
defines justice as conformity to the
law and thereby reduces the just to the legal. Justice cannot
be identical with legality, since it transcends it and is its
critical measure.
Positive law theory
defines justice as doing what is useful
for the social good. In other words, justice obliges a person
to do what promotes the social good.
Social good theory
holds that the natural right is the
ultimate basis of justice. Accordingly, the rights that are to
be respected by justice are primarily derived from the laws inherent in nature itself.
Natural right theory
renders to every person what is his or
her rights and attributes to him or her what he or she really
is. This form of justice includes the right to one’s person, to
the property which one has acquired, to ones’ honor and
merited, and to one’s qualifications
Attributive justice
concerned with making and
implementing decisions according to fair procedures that
ensure fair treatment
Procedural justice
renders to every person what is his
or her due by right, what he or she does not yet own but what
he or she is entitled to receive as a remuneration,
compensation or benefit, or what he or she is also obliged to
accept as burden in the service of the community.
Proportional justice
