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Bb lec > Bb lec > Flashcards

Bb lec Flashcards

1
Q

Found and soluble in plasma and saliva

A

Lewis

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2
Q

“Plasma
antigen”

A

Lewis

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3
Q

Expression of the Lewis antigens are influenced by

A

Hh and Sese antigens

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4
Q

is weak during pregnancy - Mothers
who are Le(a-b+), may be Le(a-b-)

A

Lewis

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5
Q

When was Lewis first discovered?

A

1946

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6
Q

Agglutinated RBCs from about 25% of English people

A

Lewis

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7
Q

When was Anti-Leb discovered?

A

1948

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8
Q

Le genes (Le/FUT3) are located at

A

short arm of chromosome 19p13.3

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9
Q

Le gene is linked to

A

Se and H genes

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10
Q

The gene does not actually code for the production of Lewis antigens but rather produce specific

A

L-fucosyltransferase to type 1 precursor substance

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11
Q

The system depends on 3 genes to produce the Lewis antigen

A

H, Se, Le genes

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12
Q

There are two alleles at the Lewis locus:

A

Le and le genes

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13
Q

There are two alleles at the secretor locus:

A

Se and se genes

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14
Q

Development of Lewis antigen structure begins in

A

first week after birth and may continue for six years

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15
Q

Also found on lymphocytes and platelets

A

Lewis antigens

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16
Q

-Lea substance is secreted regardless of secretor status

-Le gene adds “L-fucose” to the N- acetylglucosamine of the type 1 precursor substance to form the Lea antigen

A

Le(a+b-)

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17
Q

Le gene adds “L-fucose” to the N- acetylglucosamine, and H gene adds “L-fucose” to galactose of the precursor substance forming the Leb antigen

A

Le(a-b+)

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18
Q

Lewis antigens are resistant to treatment by enzymes

A

(Ficin and Papain), Dithiothreitol, and Glycine-acid EDTA

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19
Q

IgM, Naturally occuring

A

Lewis antibodies

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20
Q

Reacts at immediate spin

A

Lewis antibodies

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21
Q

Binds complement, and triggers in-vitro hemolysis

A

Lewis antibodies

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22
Q

(History) The antibody Anti-K was first identified in the serum of Mrs. Kelleher. It reacted with the RBCs of her newborn infant, her older daughter, and her husband. Discovery by Robin Coombs

A

1946

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23
Q

Kpa antigen and the null phenotype (Ko) were first described in

A

1957

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24
Q

Jsa were first described, named after the first producer

A

John Sutter

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25
Q

The low-incidence antigen of Kell

A

K24

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26
Q

The Kel gene is found on chromosome

A

7q33/34

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27
Q

The different Kell antigens are due to

A

single base mutations that results to amino acid substitutions

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28
Q

Member of Neprilysin family

A

Kell

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29
Q

The Kell antigens are located on a

A

type II glycoprotein with 731 amino acids

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30
Q

The glycoprotein is linked with XK protein by a disulfide bond at

A

Cys72

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31
Q

The glycoprotein is linked with XK glycoprotein by a disulfide bond at

A

Cys347

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32
Q

Found only on RBCs

A

Kell antigens

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33
Q

Appears on fetal red cells earlier than Rh proteins

A

Kell antigens

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34
Q

Kell glycoprotein has been characterized as a _________which is central to zinc binding and catalytic activity

A

Zinc endopeptidase

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35
Q

Very immunogenic (second only to D)

A

K antigen

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36
Q

Detected to as early as 7 weeks

A

k

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37
Q

Gene encoding for the antigen is associated with suppression of other Kell antigens

A

Kpa

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38
Q

Can be detected on fetal RBCs as early as 10 weeks gestation and is fully developed at birth

A

K

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39
Q

Found in 20% of blacks

A

Jsa

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40
Q

A patient’s red cells lacks the entire Kell glycoprotein, therefore, no Kell antigens

A

Kell null phenotype

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41
Q

Who identified Kell null phenotype

A

Bruce Chown, Marion Lewis, and Kiroko Kaita in 1957

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42
Q

The most encountered antibody next to ABO and Rh

A

Anti-K

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43
Q

Associated with severe HTRs and severe HDFN

A

Anti-K

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44
Q

Patients should receive antigen-negative blood

A

Anti-K

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45
Q

Are not commonly detected because individuals who lack these high-incidence antigens are scarce

A

Anti-Kpa, Anti-Kpb, Anti-Kpc, Anti-Jsa, Anti-Jsb

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46
Q

This antigens are only found in asians

A

Kpc

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47
Q

Found in erythroid tissues, brain, lymphoid organs, heart, skeletal muscle

A

Kx

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48
Q

The XK gene that encodes for the Xk protein is independent to KEL gene and found in the

A

short arm of chromosome Xp21.1

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49
Q

Kx antigens present on all RBCs except those of the

A

Mcleod phenotype

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50
Q

Who described Mcleod phenotype

A

Allen and his coworkers

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51
Q

Rare and are common in males via inheritance of X- linked through a carrier mother

A

Mcleod phenotype

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52
Q

The McLeod phenotype RBC lacks ___ and ___, with decreased expression of other Kell antigens

A

Kx and Km

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53
Q

a neuroacanthocytosis syndrome

A

Mcleod syndrom

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54
Q

Acanthocytosis, Reticulocytosis, Bilirubinemia, Low haptoglobin, and Splenomegaly

A

Mcleod syndrome

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55
Q

From a multiply transfused hemophiliac who in 1950 was found out to produce antibodies against an antigen named “Fya”

A

Duffy

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56
Q

They reported that majority of the African americans tested were Fy (a- b-). The gene responsible for such result was “Fy” - the gene is rare in whites

A

Sanger and colleagues in 1955

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57
Q

The Duffy genes is located at what chromosome

A

Chromosome 1

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58
Q

There are three alleles at the Fy locus

A

Fya, Fyb, Fy

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59
Q

a major allele in blacks

A

Fy

60
Q

Can be detected at 6 weeks gestation and are fully developed at birth

A

Duffy antigens

61
Q

Found in other body tissues (brain, Colon, Endothelium, Lungs, Spleen, Thyroid, Thymus, Kidneys)

A

Duffy antigens

62
Q

Duffy Antigens reside on

A

Glycoprotein of 336 amino acids

63
Q

a member of the superfamily of chemokine receptors

A

Duffy glycoproteins

64
Q

Enhanced in a low ionic strength medium

A

Duffy antibodies

65
Q

The antithetical partner of Jka was found in

A

1953

66
Q

present on RBCs positive for Jka
or Jkb

A

Jk3

67
Q

significant cause of Hemolytic transfusion reactions

A

Kidd antibodies

68
Q

lacks the 3 antigens, common in Filipinos, Chinese, Japanese and Indonesians

A

Jk(a-b-)

69
Q

Kidd resist lysis in

A

2M Urea

70
Q

Both are well developed at birth

A

Jka and Jkb

71
Q

___ can be detected on fetal RBCs at 11 weeks gestation while ___ can be detected at 7 weeksgestation

A

Jka; Jkb

72
Q

The antigens are not found on other blood cells

A

Kidd antigens

73
Q

Weak and demonstrates dosage (reacts strongly with RBCs with double dose antigen)

A

Kidd antibodies

74
Q

Kidd antibody reactivity can be enhanced by using

A

LISS or PEG

75
Q

Reactivity is enhanced by enzyme pretreatment of the RBCs

A

Anti-Jk3

76
Q

Found in combination with other antibodies

A

Anti-Jka and Anti-Jkb

77
Q

associated with both immediate and delayed HTRs and mild HDFN

A

Anti-Jk3

78
Q

Who discovered “Ii” blood group

A

Weiner and his coworkers in 1956

79
Q

The antigen for that agglutinin is “I” for

A

Individuality

80
Q

A branched carbohydrate

A

I

81
Q

Linear carbohydrate

A

i

82
Q

I and i are both formed due to

A

activity of glycosyl transferase

83
Q

Expressed in a reciprocal relationship

A

I and i

84
Q

Infant RBCs are rich in

A

i

85
Q

During the first 18 months of life, the
quantity of “i”

A

Decreases

86
Q

adults that retains their “i” antigen

A

Adult-i

87
Q

are precursor for the synthesis of
ABO and Lewis antigens

A

I and i

88
Q

“i”antigen activity is defined by atleast two repeating ___________ in linear form

A

N-acetyllactosamine units

89
Q

found on chromosome 6p24

A

IGnt gene (GCNT2)

90
Q

Encodes the ___________ that adds N- Acetylglucosamine (G1cNAc) to form the branches

A

N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase

91
Q

Increased “i” antigen expression is seen in

A

Acute Leukemia
Hypoplastic anemia
Megaloblastic anemia
Sideroblastic anemia
Thalassemia
Sickle cell disease
Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria
Chronic hemolytic anemia

92
Q

Membranes of leukocytes and platelets

A

Ii antigens

93
Q

Also found in serum, saliva, human milk, amniotic fluid, urine, and ovarian cyst fluid

A

Ii antigens

94
Q

Common autoantibody found in virtually all sera

A

Anti-I

95
Q

Tested at 4C and with enzyme treated RBCs

A

Anti-I

96
Q

Reacts with adult and cord RBCs at room temperature and at 4C

A

Pathogenic autoanti-I

97
Q

Exist as IgG or IgM in the serum of most Adult-i individuals

A

Alloanti-I

98
Q

Production can be stimulated by microorganisms carrying I-like antigen

A

Anti-I

99
Q

Detected by polyspecific AHG reagent

A

Anti-I

100
Q

a rare antibody that gives strong reactions with cord RBCs and adult-i RBCs

A

Autoanti-i

101
Q

Is a strong IgM agglutinin with higher titers and a broad thermal range of activity (may reach 30-32C)

A

Pathogenic autoanti-I

102
Q

not associated with in- vivo RBC destruction

A

A benign antibody

103
Q

Some are associated with Infectious mononucleosis and lymphoproliferative disorders

A

Anti-i

104
Q

IgG types are rare but are associated with HDFN

A

Anti-i

105
Q

P1 and Pk are assigned to

A

P1PK blood group system (003)

106
Q

P is assigned to

A

Globoside blood group system (028)

107
Q

LKE and PX2 are assigned to

A

Globoside collection (209)

108
Q

Via injection of human RBCs to rabbits to
produced new antibodies

A

P blood group

109
Q

In 1951, Levine and colleagues described Anti-Tja which is now known as _____

A

anti-PP1Pk

110
Q

P+ became “__” and P became __”, the rare P null became “__”

A

P1; P2; p

111
Q

described the antigen Pk

A

Matson and coworker in 1959

112
Q

P1 describes RBCs that react with

A

Anti-P1 and Anti-P

113
Q

P2 describes RBCs that do not react with

A

Anti-P1 but reacts with Anti-P

114
Q

“p” phenotypes do not react with

A

Anti-P1, Anti- P, or Anti-Pk

115
Q

Common in Japan, North Sweden, and in Ohio

A

p, P1k, and P2k

116
Q

P1k phenotypes reacts with

A

Anti-P1 and Anti-Pk but not with Anti-P

117
Q

P2k phenotypes reacts with

A

Anti-Pk but do not react with Anti-P1 or Anti-P

118
Q

located on chromosome 22q13.2 encodes the 4-a-galactosyltransferase

A

P1PK gene (A4GALT)

119
Q

located on chromosome 3q25 encodes the 3-B-N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

A

Globoside gene (B3GALNT1)

120
Q

P antigens is synthesized by

A

glycosyltransferases

121
Q

can be found on platelets, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts

A

P

122
Q

have been found in plasma as glycosphingolipids and glycoproteins in hydatid cyst fluid

A

P and Pk

123
Q

Antigen strength varies: From inheritance to Race

A

P1 antigen

124
Q

Poorly expressed at birth (may even take 7years for full expression)

A

P1 antigen

125
Q

Deteriorates rapidly on storage

A

P1 antigen

126
Q

infected with Echinococcus granulosus worms led to the discovery of P1 and Pk substance in hydatid cyst fluid

A

anti-P1

127
Q

have also been found in patients with Fascioliasis (bovine liver fluke disease)

A

Strong antibodies to P1

128
Q

The common precursor of P antigens

A

“Lactosylceramide” (Gb2, Ceramide dihexose, or CDH)

129
Q

Pk synthesis is carried out by

A

4-α- galactosyltransferase (Gb3, Pk synthase)

130
Q

P synthesis formation is carried out

A

3-β-N- acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (Gb4 synthase)

131
Q

described an antibody in the serum of a Hodgkin’s lymphoma patient in 1965

A

Tippett and colleagues

132
Q

Group under P Blood group since the antibody reacted in all RBCs except 2% of P1 and P2 phenotypes

A

Luke Antigens (LKE)

133
Q

All p and Pk phenotypes are

A

Luke(-)

134
Q

Common, naturally occurring IgM antibody in the serum of P1(-) individuals

A

Anti-P1

135
Q

Formerly “Anti-Tja”

A

Anti-PP1Pk

136
Q

A component of anti-PP1Pk in “p” individuals

A

Alloanti-P

137
Q

IgMs that reacts at room temperature

A

Anti-LKE

138
Q

Poorly developed on fetal RBCs

A

Anti-P1

139
Q

May cause in-vivo RBC destruction, immediate or delayed HTRs

A

Anti-P1

140
Q

Reaction varies especially if old RBCs are used.

A

Anti-P1

141
Q

Reacts over a wide thermal range and bind complement

A

Anti-PP1Pk

142
Q

The antibodies had cytotoxic properties that may have helped prevent metastatic growth post surgery

A

Anti-PP1Pk

143
Q

Can be separated by adsorption

A

Anti-PP1Pk

144
Q

Produced by “p” individuals early in life without RBC sensitization and reacts with all RBCs except those of the “p” phenotype

A

Anti-PP1Pk

145
Q

Produced by “p” individuals early in life without RBC sensitization and reacts with all RBCs except those of the “p” phenotype

A

Anti-PP1Pk

146
Q

Naturally occurring in the sera of Pk individuals

A

Alloanti-P

147
Q

Bga antigen = ____
Bgb antigen = ____
Bgc antigen = ____

A

HLA-B7
HLA-B17
HLA-A28

Bb lec (2 decks)

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