BB Jarr/AAB Flashcards by Leah McAleer

Donor req:

Min age…
Min weight lbs/kg…
Min temp C/F

Min age >= 16

Weight min 110lbs/50kg

Temp <=37.5/99.5F

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Donor req:

Blood pressure mmHg
Systolic
Diastolic

Pulse

90-180 Systolic

50-100 Diastolic

Pulse 50-100

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Donor hgb/hct M/F…
allogenic donor…

allogenic 12.5g/dL/38% HCT

Females:
>=12.5 hmg/>=38% hct

Males:
>=13.0 hmg/>=39% hct

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1 yr defferal: due to/examples

exposure to hep, HIV, malaria

-Transfusion, Tattoo, Mucous/skin penetration

-Living with/sex with person positive HBsAG/HBV NAAT/symptoms HCV
->72hrs in jail

-Hep B Immunoglobulin
-After stopped treatment syphilllis/gonn

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Interval between whole blood donations

2 mths
(8 weeks)

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How long deferral for…
-Hep B Immunoglobulin
-Transfusion
-Tattoo
-Living with/sex with person positive HBsAG/HBV NAAT/symptoms HCV
-Mucous/skin penetration
->72hrs in jail

1yr

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Indenfinite/permanent defferal

-Viral hep after age 11
-Pos HBsAg/HBV NAAT

-Repeat reactive anti-HBc/anti-HTLV
-Infection HCT/HTLV/HIV or T.cruzi

-Family history CJD/vCJD
-Babesiosis

-drug use
-Human growth hormone

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3 yr deferral for:

exposure to malaria

-asymptomatic during visit to endemic area
-previously diagnosed w/malaria

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Defferal for how long?

-Viral hep after age 11
-Pos HBsAg/HBV NAAT
-Repeat reactive anti-HBc/anti-HTLV
-Infection HCT/HTLV/HIV or T.cruzi
-drug use
-Family history CJD/vCJD
-Babesiosis

Indefinit/permanent

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75 year old male with acute hepatitis 20 yrs ago (age 55) after surgery would be permantly deffered because

He got it after 11yrs of age

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38 yr old male got rabies vaccine after a dog bite 3 mths ago would be deffered for

12mths after bitten

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19yr old first time donor got human growth hormone 12 yrs ago would be defered

permaently

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24yr old donor with pos test for hepC would be defered

permanently

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Good for?

ACD/CPD/CPD2

Irradiated

CPDA-1

Additives/Adsol

ACD/CPD/CPD2: 21days

Irradiated: 28days

CPDA-1: 35 days

Additives/Adsol: 42 days

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Autologous donations

Age limit?
Hct/Hgb:
Time needed to collect before surgery:

Age limit? None

Hct/Hgb: >=33%/11g/dL

Time needed to collect before surgery: >72hrs

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Rejuvenating Sln restores these two

2,3 DPG
ATP

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Cytapheresis:
PLTS, Grans, Leuko

need to be spaced…days apart

and no more than … in any … days

need to be spaced 2 days apart

and no more than 2 in any 7 days period

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After donate 2 units wait…

must not decrease hct/hmg by…

for every 2 units 4mths
(each unit 2mths,)

hmg below 30%/10g/dL

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1 unit packed RBCs raises hgb and hct by

Hmg 1g/dL
Hct 3%

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Storing RBCs in fridge decreases plasma…

pH (increased lactic acid) and sodium

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Storing RBcs in fridge increases plasmsa…

NH4, K+, hmg

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Washing cells prevents…

Removes__ and __

Washed cells expire ___ after seal broken

allergic response to plasma proteins and anaphlyatic shock in IgA def PTs

removes anti-HPA-1a and complement

expires 24hrs after seal broken

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Leukoreduced number of leukocytes/unit

<5x10*6 leuko/unit

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Leukoreduced % red cell retained…

Final WBC count…

Prevents…

85% red cells

<5x10*6 WBC

prevents febrile NH, HLA alloimm, CMV

due to presence of cytokies from WBCs or alloimm from HLA/leu ag

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Frozen/deglycerolized cells % glycerol... Expires, stored at... thawed at, then stored at/for... after deglycerolizing

40% glycerol Expires 10yrs stored at <=-65C Thawed at 37, deglycerolized Then stored at 1-6C for 24hrs

FFP: stored/expires... freeze w/in... thaw at.. Store at... For up to...

stored <=-18C for 1yr or <=-65C for 7yrs freeze w/in 8hrs of separation from cells thaw at 30-37C store 1-6C up to 24hrs

FFP is used for and has

coagulation def Factor 11

Cryo is made from... w/in...hrs then thawed... which forms a.... .... ..... it is separated, refrozen w/in....

FFP frozen w/in 8hrs then thawed 1-6C which forms a cold insoluble portion separated, refrozen w/in 1hr

Cryo is stored at...for... After thawing, store at... Transfuse w/in... -pooling open: -pooling closed:

<=-18C for 1yr RT after thawing 4hrs pooling in open 6hrs pooling in closed

PLTs/Apheresis Light spin removes... Heavy spin... Used for.... pH needed...

Light spin removes red cells Heavy spin spins down PLTs/WBCs Used for thrombocytopenia and PLT dysfunction ph >=6.2

1 unit PLT raises PLT.... 1 apheresis raises PLT...

5-10,0000/uL 20-60,000/uL

Granulocyte apheresis used for... can transmit/induce/cause....if not irridated store...for...w/out...

neutropenic patients w/gram neg sepsis can transmit CMV, induce HLA imm, and cause GVHD store 20-24C for 24hrs without agitation *ABO compatible

Irradiated prevents...

GVHD inactivates T cells due to donor lymps

Dolichos biflorus agglutinates...

Ulex europaeus agglutinates

Bombay phenotype, type as...

Oh, hh lack H type as O *Anti-H Ulex eurpaeus will not agglutinate Bombay but will O cells

Greatest amount of H to least... H gene codes for the enzyme...

O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B>Oh L-fucosyltransferase A1 has 5x more antigen than A2 this less H

R.. r...

D d

0 or nothing about C/E

1 or '

2 or "

z or y

R0 gene...ag?

Dce

R1 gene..ag?

DCe

R2 gene...ag?

DcE

Rz gene...ag?

DCE

r gene...ag?

r' gene...ag?

r" gene..ag?

plasma ag absorb on RBCs Don't cause HDFN, not on fetal cells

Lewis

Absent/weak on cord mostly adults igM cold ab

I, anti-I

on infants

IgG autoab: Donath-Landsteiner biphasic/PCH

anti-P

Anti-P1 type neutralized by

IgM cold P1 sub hydatid cyst fluid

M/N, S/s are ....alleles

codominant

Anti-M/N type

IgM Anti-M can be IgG and cause HDFN

Anti-M/N dosage? enzymes? HDFN?

Has dosage doesn't react/destroyed by enzymes Does't cause HDFN except with anti-M IgG

Anti-S/s type

IgG

Anti-U type... formed by...who lack...

IgG Blacks lack S,s,U

Jka/b type (kidd) enzymes? dosage? associated with?

IgG react stronger w/enzymes shows dosage associated with delayed transfussion rxn

Fya/b type enzymes? dosage?

IgG negative/destroyed by enzymes weak examples may show dosage

Fya-b- %/race

68% Blacks

increase ab uptake, allows decreased incubation

LISS low ionic strength saline

Bromein, ficin, papain, tyrpsin removes..

remove negative charges from the RBC membranes. This reduces the zeta potential, bringing the cells closer together, enhancing some blood group antibody-antigen reactions.

Ezymes increase reactivity of these 5 ab

ABO/Rh Lewis I P1 Kidd

Enzymes decrease/destroy these 3 systems variable in...

M,N,S Fya, Fyb Lua/b variable in s

shows dosage in 4 systems

M,N,S,s Kidd Duffy (weak example of ab may show) Rh

3 Absent ag on cord cells

I Lewis Sda

Anti-I, H, P1 M,N Lea/Leb temp, media, class

4-22C Saline IgM

Rh ab temp, media, class *exception

37C, Liss/Albumin, IgG *IgM cold ag/reacting at higher thermal range

IgG reacting at 37, AHG

Anti... Rh Kell Duffy Kidd *some M

IgM reacting at 4-22, saline

Anti... I, H, P1 M,N Lea,Leb

Cold Hemmaglutinin Disease and Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria both have what protein coating their RBCs

complement

Drug induced HA (DIHA) and Warm AutoAb (WAIHA) both can have what proteins coating their red cells?

IgG and/or complement

Mixed type AIHA has what proteins coating red cell?

IgG and complement

Type of protein covering cells in HDN and trans rxn

IgG

Universal donor for RBC and plamsa

RBC: Oneg, no ag to stimulate recipient Plasma: AB no ab to attach recipient cells

Universal recipient RBC and plasma

RBC: AB no ab to attach ag on blood given Plasma: Oneg can get any plasma, don't have any antigens for ab to attack

Transfusion related, Acute respiratory insuff/pulmonary edema Hypotension Ab to donor plasma to neutrophils/HLA ag

Trans related acute lung injury TRALI

Transfusion associated, Pulmonary edema w/hypertension PTs >70/infants

Transfusion associated circulatory overload TACO

Allergic rxn mild ab type, symptoms

IgE Mild-urticarial hives/itching

Allergic rx severe called, type, cells preferred

classic anaphylaxis IgA def PT washed cells

2F rise w/in 1 hr

febrile rxn

Condition where transfused Immunocompetent lymph attach recipient and HLA ag are different

TA-GVHD transfusion associated graft vs host disease

Conditon where there's shaking, hypotension and occurs with PLTs

Transfusion related sepsis

Critical titer for most ab at AHG

Critical titer for anti-K at AHG

Used to establish severity of HDFN

ultra sound and color Doppler ultrasonography

Purpose of exchange transfusion

reduces bilirubin and removes maternal ab

Antepartum Rh imm glob given...wks to...

28weeks to Dneg women

Postpartum Rh immglob given ...hrs to women who deliver..

w/in 72hrs to Dneg women who deliver Rhpos infant

Test used to determine how much Rh Imm Glob to use Is positive when...

Kleihauer-Betke fetal cells resist acid elution, appear pink

self/non self 2 classes transplants susceptibility of diseases, paretange testing chromosome 6

HLA human leukocyte antigens, glycoproteins on cells

Class I genes

HLA- A,B,C for the antigens A,B,C

Class II genes

HLA- DP, DQ, DR

Serological/viral tests required by AABB

syphillis/RPR anti-HIV/RNA HIV anti-HTLV 1/2 anti-HCV HBsAg, HBV DNA T.cruzi Babesia RNA/DNA WNV/Zika RNA

Order of Hepatitis B ag/ab

1.)HBsAg early acute 2.)HBeAg 3.)anti-HBc early recovery, window 4.)anti-HBe 5.)anti-HBs recovery

Screen for HIV viral markers for HIV

screen: ELISA viral: anti-HIV 1/2 anti-HTLV 1/2 a distant relative of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

3 bacteria contaminants of blood products

Y.e. (Yersinia enterocolitica) C.f. (Citrobacter freundii) P.p. (Pseudomonas putida)

3 parasites transmitted by blood transfusion

Babesia Malaria/Plasmodium Trypanosoma

What is... a group of 9 plasma proteins, causes hemolysis of red cells, actived by IgG/IgM

complement

Enzyme A gene codes for... immunodominant sugar...

alpha-3-N- acetylgalac N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

Enzyme B gene codes for... immunodominant sugar...

alpha-3-D- galac D-galactose

Frequency of ABO greatest to least

O>A>B>AB

O antigen on cell.. ab in serum.. geno type...

H anti-A,B,A1B OO

A antigen on cell, ab in serum, genotype

A, anti-B AO, AA

B antigen on cell, ab in serum, genotype

B, anti-A BO, BB

AB antigen on cell, ab in serum, genotype

AB, no ab AB, cis-AB

O can results from what genotype and why

OO O is a amorph/autorecessive have to get from both parents to show *chromosome 9

What antigen is... a variant, tested at 37/AHG, can be neg/weak

Weak D/Du

f and Cw is part of what blood grp

U is part of what blood grp

MNSs

Tja is part of what blood grp

P system, PP1PK

Which antibody... mostly IgM, netraulized by Lewis subs, doesn't cause HDFM

anti-Lea

How many people have D on their cells?

85%

which ab/ag... IgG, caused by transfusion, is the 2nd most potent antigen(next to D)

Kell

How many people have K antigen

Cellano antigen can produce

anti-k

How many have k on cells?

99% as opposed to K, 9%

Little versions of antigens are more prevalant on cells than the big versions

C 68, c 80 E 29, e 98 K 9, k 99 S 55, s 89

Fy a-b- resistant to two kinds of malarial species

P. vivax, P.Knowlesi

How many what are the names of the antigens does Kidd blood grp have

Jka, Jkb, Jk3

Which antigen... is poorly developed on cord cells, pos in adults, reacts strong at 4C/RT, not seen in whites, cold agg strongly attracted to, binds complement

Cold agg disease to which antigen and is a and is caused by which organism

anti-I cold ab (IgM) M.pneumoniae

Infectious mono caused by which antibody

anti-i

AB frequency

PT red cells direct commbs pos, bacterial contaminant reagents, penicillin/cephalothin,methydopa, quinidine and complement fixation cause DAT to be...

positive

inadequate washing of cells cause false...DAT

negative

Which tests help diagnose HDN, HTR, AHA

DAT

Which enzyme... has phosphate buffered saline and glycine enhances speed/sensitivity decreases electropos cations

LISS

Type of HDFN increased spherocytes DAT weak/neg delayed jaundice 1st prego

ABO

Type HDFN increased retics DAT pos bilirubin not 1st prego

Pulse for donor

50-100

Blood pressure for donor

90-180/50-100

Color label O

Blue O likes A, blue

Color label B

Pink B becomes pink

Color label AB

Black, grey, white

Donor label A

Yellow switches with B

Deferral for MMR, typhoid oral, yellow fever

2 weeks

Deferral German measles, chicken pox

4 weeks

Deferral West Nile

3 weeks

Cells that present foreign material to lymphs, initiating immune response Large, specialized cells in the immune system that recognize, engulf and destroy infecting or damaged cells.

Macrophages

Cells involved in intracellular, cellular immunity

Tcells

Which cells recognize/interact with antigen and make cytokines that activate other cells such as Bcells/T cytotoxic

T helper

Cells involved in extracellular, humoral immuniity

Bcells

Response with lag phase of 7-14 days before ab is deteced, IgM to IgG

Primary

Made by T helper cells that are signals between cells, regulate intensity of a rxn, initiate inflammation, cause fever, and stimulate BM to make more cells

Cytokines

response with 1-2 days before sig amt ab made, IgG, 1000x more ab then slow decline

Secondary

strength of binding between single ab and epitope of ag The strength of the interaction between the antigen-binding site (paratope) on an antibody and the epitope on an antigen

affinity

overall strength between epitopes and abs Represents the overall strength of the antibody-antigen interaction and is influenced by three factors – the binding affinity, valency, and the structural arrangement of the antibody and antigen in question.

avidity

Testing with in vivo sensitization of red cells, happens in PT, cells must be washed

DAT

Testing with in vitro sensitization, 2 steps, serum incubated, washed

IAT

3 potentiators that decrease zeta potential

LISS, BSA/albumin, proteolytic enzymes

1 potentiator that increases concentration of ab

PEG

Commb check cells, screening cells and panel cells are type...

Cells that are IgG sensitized cells, used to confirm addition of AHG

Commbs check cells

Plants lectin is made from seeds of.. that agglutinate A1 cells

Dolichos biflorus

lectin is used to demonstrate the presence and strength of expression of the H and A2 antigen...

Ulex europaeus

Kind of gel used in Gel technique for BB that traps agglutinated red cells

dextran acrylamide gel

In gel, no rxn is... positive rxn is...

no: solid button on bottom rxn: agg cells on top

In microplate/solid phase, ...is coated on bottom of well, serum is added wit indicator cells. what is pos.. what is neg...

pos: bottom coated with cells/covered neg: button

Blood group system where antigen isn't directly produced by the gene; gene makes something that put ag on red cell; ag is in fluid and gene transfers carb on that red cell

ABO

ABO/H are on these 6 things

red cells, lymphs, PLTs epis, endothelial, organs

ABO from most frequency to least

O>A>B>AB

Need ... on red cells to express A or B ag

A gene makes

N-acetly galac (galactosaminyl transferase)

B gene makes

D-galac (galactosyl transferase)

Which ABO has most H substance... Which has the least...

Most: O Least: A1B, Oh

A2 has more or less H than A1

A2>A1 A1 has 5x more A antigen than A2

Order of ABO from most to least amt H

O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B

80% of group A have subtype 20% have subtype

A1: 80% A2:20%

Subtype of A which MF rxn with antiA, anti A,B, seen in 1:1000

Subtype A mistaken for O, weak rxn

In ABO, A and B are

codominant when inherited both are expressed

O gene is... Must inherit ... to express

recessive inherit 2 O's from each parent, HH,Hh

System naturall occuring, usually IgM, non RBC stimulated, stimulated by bacteria when born

ABO

In reverse typing extra rxns could be caused by 3 things

rouleaux A subgrp cold allo/auto

In reverse typing, missing/weak rxn could be caused by

newborn, elderly HPC transplant

In forward rxn, extra rxn could be caused by

Roleux, polyagg Acquired B, B(A)

In forward rxn, missing/weak rxn could be caused this

ABO subgroup

In forward rxn, MF could be due to these 3

transfusion HPC transplant subgrop A, A3

Most immunogenic... 2nd most immunogenic... 3rd most immunogenic..

ABO Rh/D Kell

Nomenclature that Rh ag is inherited as a gene complex coding for 3 closely related linked set of alleles

Fisher Race

Nomenclature where theres one gene for expression of all Rh ag on cells, accounts for lack of d ag

Weiner Rh-Hr

Numeric terminology with ISBT# not based on genetics; computerized data entry

Rosenfeld

Weiner: R^0 to fisher

Dce

R^1 to fisher

DCe

R^2 to fisher

DcE

R^Z to fisher

DCE

r to fisher

dce

r' to fisher

dCe

r'' to fisher

dcE

r^y to fisher

dCE

Rh antibodies: Ig.. temp... shows... can cause....

IgG 37C shows dosage can cause HDFN

Second most immunogenic to D

Kell

Kell Ig... temp... enzymes? HTR/HDN?

IgG 37F not affected by enzymes can cause HTR,HDN

cellano is... is...frequency...%

k high, 99.8%

Kell is...frequency thus common to see...

low common to see antibodies if been exposed

Kpa, Jsa are ...frequency Kpb, Jsb are...frequency

Kpa/Jsa: low Kpb/Jsb: high

Kx neg is called... seen in...because it's.. ...

Mcleod phenotype males (xlinked)

Duffy: Ig.. temp.. HTR/HDN?

IgG 37F HTR/HDN

Duffy... enzymes? dosage?

destroyed by enzymes dosage

Fya+b+ seen in ...% of... Fya-b- seen in...% of ...

49% whites 68% blacks

Fya-b- resistance to these two malarial species

vivax, knowlesi

Antibody that is IgG, 37C, binds complement, and seen in severve delayed transfusion rxn

Kidd

Oral temp not exceed C, F

37.5C 99.5F

Min hmg allogenic donor Min hct allogenic donor

12.5 g/dL for allogenic 38%

Donor age

>16

Donor pulse

50-100

donor weight lb,kg

>= 110 >=50kg

90-180/50-100

Pregnant woman deffered

6weeks postpartum/after birth

defereal Hep b vaccine

21 days

possible exposure to hepatitis/HIV/malaria defferal blood trans, tatto, sex with someone with hepatitis

12mths/1yr

Possible exposure to malaria, history of malaria defereal

3yrs after stoopped treatment

Pos TB skin, meets all other criteria, deferal

Viral hep after age 11, defereal

perm

incarcerated deferal >72hs

1 yr

deferal symptom free after immunozied oral polio, mumbs

2 weeks

Babesisois CJD T.cruzi all defered

poermanent

Donor blood must be tested for these 5

sysphillis antiHIV, antiHTLV antiHCV HBV stuff

Color coding for blood labels A B O AB

A=yellow B=pink O=blue AB=black/grey/white

Only marker of HBV in window period

antiHBc IgM

chronic carrier Hep B is when PT serum is positive for... forr at least...

HBsAg 6mths min

3 markers req for viral testing HIV 1 marker not req

3 req: antiHIV 1, 2 anti HTLV I/II 1 not req: HIV1 p24ag

BB fridege temp... transport of blood temp.. PLTs/RT...

BB fridge 1-6C transport blood 1-10C PLT/RT 20-24C

Deferral for visitor/immigrant from endemic area for malaria

3yrs

Deferral for travel to endemic area for malaria

1 yr

Deferral after treatment of syphilis and gonnorhea

12mths after cessation of treatment

All donor blood tested for...

-ABO, Rh (not full pheno) -ab screen -serological syphilis/RPR -serological T.cruzi -HepB, C -HIV, HTL -WN,Zika

3 req viral hepatitis markers

HBsAg antiHBc anti-HCV

Early acute, viremic phase of Hepatitis what marker

HBsAg

Shortest to longest expiration date of 3 main types of anticoagulant/additives

-ACD/CPD/CPD-2: 21 days -CPDA-1: 35 days, longer with extra adenine -Additives/ADSOL: 42 days

All RBCs: leuko reduced, aphresis stored at

1-6C

Frozen RBCs 40% glycerol stored at...for...

-65C for 10yrs -Less glycerol needs colder -once deglycerolized 24hrs

FFP and Cryo stored at...for...

<=-18C for 1yr

Platelets: closed, open pooled, leuko reduced stored at...with... Unless open, good for...

20-24C with constant agitation 5 days Opened 4hrs

NH4, K... During storage of plasma

Increase

pH, Na, 2-3 DPG... During storage of plasma in fridge

Decrease

Autologous reqs: Hct/Hmg... No... Age? Collect at least...hrs B4 surgery/trans

>=33%/11g/dL No bacteremia No age req >72hrs B4

Only testing req for autologous

ABO/Rh

WBC separated by reversible filtration/centrifugation

Leukapheresis

Withdrawal of Blood, keep plasma, return RBC

Plasmapheresis

How long after donating a unit of whole blood does it take for PLTs to replenish enough to do plateletpheresis?

72hrs

How long after plasmapheresis does it take for plasma to replenish for being able to donate whole blood?

48hrs

If you donate plasmapheresis more than once every 2 months, what to you check at 4mth intervals?

Codes for things; Made of DNA; hereditary info on a chromosome

Gene

Genes that occupy a specific locus/site on a chromosome

Allelles

Group of genes, inherited together from a single parent

Haplotype

Occur in different forms, genetic variation

Polymorphic

Gene with no directly observable product, doesn't code for any functional protein... Example of an amorph gene...

Amorph O Gene, doesn't code for an enzyme, just has H

2 diff alleles of a particular gene

Heterozygous

2 identical genes at a locus; 2 identical alleles on both homologous chromosomes

Homozygous

Term where both alleles are expressed at the same time..

Codominant

Most blood group genes are... Ie.AB has both alleles expressed at the same time, one allele one B allelle

Codominant

Organism with cells with more than one distinct genotype

Chimerism

Term where variant expresses more strongly

Dominant

Term that's overruled by dominant, needs two...alleles

Recessive

Genes carried on a sex chromosome

Sex linked

Gene inheritance of most blood group systems. Inheritance that refers to two alleles of an autosomal gene where each allele contributes to the phenotype.

Autosomal codominant “Autosomal” means that the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes.

Antibodies made after exposed to foreign antigens simulated by transfusion or pregnancy

Alloantibodies

the immune response occurring on the first exposure to an antigen, with specific antibodies appearing in the blood after a multiple day latent period

primary response

Days to till primary response occurs

7-14

Same foreign ag, rapid increase in ab the immune response occurring on second and subsequent exposures to an antigen, with a stronger response to a lesser amount of antigen, and a shorter lag time compared to the primary immune response

secondary response, Anamnestic

Type off immunity passed thru placenta to fetus from Mom

Naturally acquired passive immunity

H Gene codes for enzyme

L-fucosyltransferase

Kell, Duffy, Kidd: red cell stimulated? Ig.. Which one enhanced by enzmes?

red cell stimulated IgG Kidd enhanced by enzymes

M/N: Ig.. optimal temp... enzymes... dosage... pH...

IgM but optimal 37C destroyed by enzymes dosage ph6.5

Nf caused by

formadehyde

S,s,U: Ig.. temp... ezymes.. dosage...

IgG 37C destroyed by enzymes dosage

U present if...or...present U neg means, S/s... seen in... U is ficin...

S,s U neg means S/s neg seen in blacks U is ficin resistant as compared to S/s

Luteran antibody that can be present without red cell stimulation, is both IgM/G but best at RT Also MF rxns and can cause mild HDFN

anti Lua

Luteran that is high frequency, rare antibody; IgG, MF

anti Lub

Lewis: Ig.. temp... ezymes...

IgM RT enzymes increase

Antigens that are made by tissue cells that are secreted into BFs then adsorbed onto red cell membranej

Lewis

Three genes Lewis is affected by

H, Le, Se

Le sese H, what is in secretion

Lea

Le Se H, what is in secretion

Lea, Leb, H

lele sese H, what in secretion

none

lele Se H, secretion

Le sese hh, secretions

Lea

Le Se hh, secretions

Lea

lele sese hh, secretions

none

lele Se hh, secretions

none

Sese Hh AO what soluble antigens in saliva

A, H

MF reaction with anti A, neg rxn with antiA1 lectin which subgroup

Bombay type as...are... they don't have these 3 antigens and will produce these 3 antibodies

type as O, Oh no A,B,H so will make anti-A,B,H

Frequency of ABO most to least for Whites/US O.. A... B.. AB..

O: 46 A: 41 B: 9 AB: 4

Forward type: antiA 3+, antiB 3+ Reverse type: A1 2+, B 0

A2B perosn with A1 not as strong with antisera A2 make A1 antibodies

Genotype needed to have O phenotype

Heterozygous Group A is.. Heterozygous Group B is... What would phenotype of offspring be...

Hetero A: AO Hetero B: BO Use Punnett square to get: A,B, AB, O

Group O mom and Group AB dad, probability of making A baby?

Use punnett, AO,AO, BO,BO 50%

Rh antibodies: Ig.. temp... acquired from...or... can cause...

IgG 37C acquired from transfusion/pregnancy can cause HDFN

amorph Rh antigen

antibodies formed by R1R1

Fisher: DCe/DCe antibodies to c, E

Most immunogenic Rh antigen

Variant of D antigen that is inherited, common in blacks and is considered Rhpos

Weak D

Weak D alternate name... Initial testing appears...or ... .... temp... Phase..

Du negative, weakly reactive Test at 37, AHG

Most common Rh neg genotype

cde/cde

Name of phenotype in absense of Rh antigen

Rh null

IgM, best in saline, best at 4C all are indicative of what kind of ab

naturally occuring

antiA/B, antiM/N, antiLea, antiP1 are all

naturally occuring

IgG, in AHG, cross the placenta all are characteristics of what kind of ab

immune ab

% range of people that get immunized to blood group antigens

1-4%

U is part of what system

MNSs

Cw and f are part of what system

Tja is part of what system

Anti N will react most strongly with what genotype

NN due to dosage

Antigen in plasma and adsorbed onto red cells

Lea

Paroxymal cold hemoglobinuria ass with

anti P

Lele Sese Hh AB, what solube antigens in saliva

Lea, Leb, H, A, B

antibody in Le a-b-, IgM, netraulized by lewis substance

anti Lea

True or False, Lea causes HDFN

false

3 systems destroyed by enzymes

MNS Fya/b Lua/b

5 systems enhanced by enyzmes

Kidd, Rh Lewis, I, P1

anti-Lua: temp... medium... rxn... HDN?

IgM/G RT, IAT saline MF no HDN

% lack K ag

91%

of ten units, how many will be incompatible/ not antigen neg for K?

1/10% incompatible, 90% compantibility since 90% don't have K antigen

cellano antigen stimulates this ab

anti k

anti Fya: enzymes

destroyed, prevents detection of

Most common of duffy antibodies

anti Fya

Antigen poorley developed on cord cells, on adult cells

cold autoantibody in cold hemagglutin disease and mycoplasma pneumoniae

anti I

cold, IgM ab to infectious mononulceosis and lymphoproliferative disease

anti i

P1, Ig... P, Ig...

P1, IgM P, IgG

Which antigen can be neutralized by hydatid cyst liquid to reveal underlying ab

P1: Ig... enzymes..

IgM, cold enyzmes enhance

Donath-Landsteiner ab, biphasic...

autoanti P

PCH, Paroxysmal cold Hmguria seen with kids w/viral infection, adults with syphilis...

autoanti P

null p phenotype...two names rare but very... causes....

antiPP1Pk, Tja very hemolytic, causes miscarrages

Potentiator: sensitive, faster but enhances cold auto and can miss k,E

LISS

Potentiator: doesn't enhance warm auto but needs longer incubation

BSA/albumin

Potentiator: eliminates reactivity of Duffy,MNS ag but enhances cold/warm auto

PEG

If have multiple ab can use... to eliminate/enhance

enzymes

If <3 mths since last transfusion,...will be inaccurate due to donor cells inside circulation (RBCs live 120days/3mths)

phenotype

Cause of all cells on panel are positive with the same rxn strength

high frequency ag

Cause of panel cells all reacting with diff reactivities... rememdy...

cold allo, prewarm

Pos AC, do a... can use ...cells to help id cold ab can use.../... to help ensure absence of underlying ab

DAT can use cord cells to id cold ab elution/adsorption

Pos DAT, ... or ... coated in.... Need to...or else with be negative Pos ass w/immune mediated Hemolysis

IgG, complement in vivo wash

Auto/allo ab, drug induced ab, passenger lymphs, non-ab immunoglobulin all can cause... ....

pos DAT

Used to remove ab from sensitized cell... Type...

elution cold acid eluate

Autoimmune, drug induced and alloimune are all types of... HA

extravascular hemolytic anemia

Type of crossmatch where use donor serum with PT blood to test for compatibility

minor xmatch

Type of crossmatch where you use PT serum with donor blood to test for compatibility, two names

major, serological

These 4 govern xmatch

AABB, FDA CAP, Joint

Computer xmatch does the final ....check after two diff blood types are done/on file/ab screen neg

ABO check

Incompatible xmatch due to three... most common reason...

-low freq ag -pos DAT in donor(most common) -ABO issue @IS

Term when products totally exchange PTs blood in 24hrs, about 10-12units

massive transfusion

HIV has window period of ...to... days before ag detected

22-25days

HTLV: 1 related to... 2 related to...

1: T cell leukemia 2: hairy cell leukemia

2 things increased in blood at 1-6C

plasma hmg, K

5 things decreased in blood at 1-6C

viable cells pH ATP, 2-3 DPG plasma Na

CPD means...shelf life

citrate phosphate dextrose, 21 days

CPDA means..shelf life

citrate phosphate dextrose plus adenine, 35 days

AS means...shelf life

additive sln, 42 days

Light spin removes... Hard spin removes...and... PLTs left to rest 1hr before agitating RT up to 5 days

light removes RBCs hard removes plasma, PLTS

To be fresh (FFP) need to freeze within...hrs, stored at...for...

8hrs, -18C, 1 yr

Cryo is made from... It's frozen then thawed at... white precipitate forms, then spun at heavy spin, expressed and refrozen

made from FFP thawed at 1-6 expressed off and refrozen

Blood product used to reduce adverse trans rxn; filtered to reduce leukocytes, reduces CMV <5,000/unit

leukoreduced

Product where red cells are collected, fluid given back, sometimes with saline

Apheresis RBC

In apheresis RBC, you can get ...allogenic or autologous units per donor This can be done every...mths

2 units/donor every 4mths

Product used for rare blood types; add glycerol and frozen; removed with saline washes

frozen RBC

Product where DNA in Tcells is broken down to not further divide; prevent GVHD

Irradiated RBC

Product to raise PLTS, control bleeding, cancer w/chemo cells live 3 days thus require many transfusions

PLTS

Product with coag factors to coag def, mass transfusion issues, anticoagulant therapy issues, surgery

FFP

Product with concentrated coag factors used for surgery

cryo

Cryo has these three factors

vWF, fibrinogen, F8

Product given to neutropenic, lack response to antibiotics

granulocytes

Storage of blood products should be monitored every... ...thermometer

4hrs NIST

When administering product: check patient first... then every... must be transfused w/in...

check for 15min then every 30min transfuse w/in 4hrs

Rxn where ab+ag activate complement, coagulation, mono/phago, cytokines and cause shock/renal issues

HTR hemolytic transfusion rxn

Acute hemolytic trans rxn where ag/ab complex initiate coag/fibrinolytic systems; all clotting factors and PLTs get used up and there's uncontrolled bleeding

DIC

Rapid onset, usually ABO caused is termed

acute

Blood exposed to temps <0->50C, improper thawing of frozen, small needle, saline not used, and bacteria all can cause

nonimmune red cell destruction

Rxn where there's no hemolysis; caused by ab to HLA/granulocytes/PLT ag

immuno mediated nonhemolytic

Rxn with urticarial or anaphylactic; IgA def

allergic trans rxn

Rxn with pulmonary edema/lung injury; usually female who have been pregnant more than once; HLA ab

TRALI

Disease where fetal cells destroyed for maternal IgG

HDFN

HDFN: see increased... Most common in first prego is.... 2nd most common ab...

increased indirect bili Most common ABO HDN(sperocytes) second most common is anti c

RhIg: has reduced Rh HDFN -protects...mL of fetal WB with...microg dose -given to...moms who have...babies -given at...wks before or ...hrs after delivery of D+ baby

protects 30mL fetal WB with 300microg dose given to D- mom with D+ babies given 28wks before, within 72hrs after

Screen for fetal maternal hemorrage... Confirmation for fetal maternal hemorrage...

fetal rossette Kleihauer Betke

Kleihauer Betke calculation

vol fetal in maternal= %cells x 50 =fetal blood /30

Two conditions with decreased PLTs, HA, renal dsy, CNS issues

HUS, TTP

Conditions needing transfussion support

sickle cell thallasemia Immune HA

antibody that is IgG, needs AHG to agg sensitized cells

incomplete

antibody that is IgM, can agg w/out AHG

complete

Reagent made in lab animals/not humans, detects IgG and complement, is either poly or mono specific

AHG

Reagent blood cells used to do QC on AHG reagent... What rxn do you get...

Group O check cells Add AHG to to check cells Get weak pos rxn(2+)

Adding check cells to negative AHG tubes doesn't mean that...

patient serum was added

3 things check cells with AHG confirm

AHG was added Cells were washed There was no antiglobulin serum thus didn't react with red cells being used

Cause of false pos AHG

bacterial contamination of reagents

3 causes of false neg AHG testing

-didn't wash rbc -ab eluted due to delayed washing -prozone, too much ab

time frame in mins and temp for IAT without LISS

15-60min, 37C

Reagent that is: -made of buffered saline/glycine -enhances speed/sensitivity -decreases electropos cations on rbc -shorten incubation period

LISS

Reagant that increases sensitivity of IAT by removing net charge and increasing ab uptake

albumin

most warm auto in caused by ...antigen

Minor xmatch eliminated due to ...being done

donor ab screen

To do compatibility testing, fresh serum less than...needs to be used to preserve...

less than 48hrs complement

e antigen, most people have, about % compatible units about... E antigen, less people have, more will be compatible

98% have e so only 2% compatible

after anti D, most likely ab in Rh hemolytic disease of newborn

anti-c

3 things part of prenatal work out, 1 not

ABO,Rh, ab screen DAT not done

After pos ab screen in mom and pos DAT in babie, what is done

titrate maternal ab

Critical titer for most ab is... A titer of 8 with postpartum ab screen on RhIg candidate w/anti D due to....

titer >16 8, antepartum admin of RhIg

Optimal pH for ab to bind

6.5-7.5

rbc suspension

2-5%

In titration, first 3 tubes neg, later tubes pos due to

prozone

Most common reason for MF agg

transfused, two pops

microscopic clumps, cloudy backgroud

weak pos

solid button, clear background

large clumps, clear background

many medium sized agg, clear background, no free rbc

many small clumps barely visible, turbid background, many free rbc

With HTR, do this immediately

DAT on post trans

Two symptoms in HTR

hemoglobinuria, hypotension

Febrile rxn ...F rise in temp within ..hr of trans

2F, 1hr or 1C

Hives/itching in

urticarial

associated with delayed transfussion rxn

Kidd

Enzymes: MNS and Duffy are chopped down while others are exposed Except for Kell, he doesn't care

...

Dosage: Kidd and Duffy the Rh Monkey eats lots of MNS

...

Optimal RT, saline Destroyed by enzymes MF rxns Doesn't cause HDFN

Lutheran A antibody

% compatible blood work antJka... Need 2 units, PT has antiJKa, how many units need...

25% compatible, 4x2=8 but answer is 10

What percent is compatible for antiE

70%

Percent compatible antiP1...

25%

How long wait after donate plasma pheresis to donate whole blood... How long wait after donate whole blood to donate plasma pheresis..

Plasma to WB 48hrs WB to plasma 72hrs

Most H... Least/no H...

Most: O No H: Oh

O.. A.. B.. AB..

O..46 A..41 B..9 AB..4

Most common Rh, %... Most common Rh neg genotype... Weak D in..

D, 85% have dce/dce Blacks

P1 antibody is Ig... P antibody is Ig.. P associated with...

P1 antibody is Ig...IgM P antibody is Ig..IgG P associated with...PCH, DL ab

Kell frequency... Compatible units... k, cellao frequency... Compatible units...

Kell frequency...10%, Compatible units...90% k, cellao frequency...98% Compatible units...2%

Three systems destroyed by enzymes

M/N/S/s Lutheran Duffy

Dosage: Kidd and Duffy Rh eat lots of MNSs

Kidd Duffy Rh MNSs

e, k everyone has %... s...% Compatible....

98% has e, k Only2% compatible 90% s 10% compatible

Le`a frequency

Fya/b, Jka/b M/N Leb P1 all between what frequency

70-80

All little letters have between 80-99% frequency s e k

s 90 e 98 k 99

Besides small letters, most others are between 70-85, except for these three

Lea 22 E 29 S 55