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Blood Banking Glossary > BB Glossary Of Terms (1-106) > Flashcards

BB Glossary Of Terms (1-106) Flashcards

1
Q

It is a situation when the ABO forward typing result does not agree with the result in backward typing

A

ABO Discrepancy

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2
Q

It is the removal of a specific antibody from a mixture of antibodies using cells of known specificity

A

Absorption

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3
Q

It is the production of antibody after antigenic exposure or stimulation

A

Active Immunization

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4
Q

These are chemical substances added to red cells to extend the shelf life up to 24 days

a. AS-1: Adsol (Fenwal Laboratory)
b. AS-3: Nutricel (Medsep Corporation)
c. AS-S: Optisol (Terumo Corporation)

A

Additives

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5
Q

It is a rare condition characterized by the absence of antibodies

A

Agammaglobulinemia

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6
Q

It is the clumping of particulate antigens with their corresponding specific antibodies. If the source of the antigen is red cell, clumping refers to “hemagglutination”

A

Agglutination

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7
Q

It is an alternative form of a gene occupying a given locus

A

Allele

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8
Q

It is the process of collecting amniotic fluid

A

Amniocentesis

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9
Q

It is the albuminous fluid contained in amniotic sac that provides nutrients to the developing fetus

A

Amniotic Fluid

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10
Q

It is referred to as the “silent gene” that does not produce a detectable antigen. An example of an amorphic gene is the O gene.

A

Amorph

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11
Q

It is known as secondary immune response which also refers to the production of antibody after secondary antigenic exposure

A

Anamnestic response

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12
Q

It is a severe allergic hypersensitivity reaction brought about by an antibody against IgA seen among IgA-deficient patients exposed to IgA antibody

A

Anaphylaxis

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13
Q

It occurs before birth

A

Antenatal

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14
Q

It is also known as immunoglobulin which refers to protein substances that are secreted by plasma cells and produced in response to antigenic stimulation

A. Alloantibody - immune antibody against foreign antigen of the same species
B. Autoantibody - antibody against its own self-antigens
C. Atypical antibody - also known as unexpected antibody

A

Antibody

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15
Q

These are reagents used to enhance or speed up antigen-antibody reaction

A

Antibody potentiators

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16
Q

This is used to detect immune antibody other than the naturally occurring one through the use of completely phenotyped group “O” cells

A

Antibody screening test

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17
Q

It is any foreign substance which, when introduced to the body, stimulates antibody production

A

Antigen

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18
Q

It describes the relative ability of a substance to illicit immune response

A

Antigenic

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19
Q

It is the table of phenotype group “O” cells showing different antigens used to screen and identify immune antibody

A

Antigram

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20
Q

It is also known as “Coombs’ serum.” It likewise refers to a secondary antibody directed against human IgG or complement

A. Monospecific AHG - targets either human IgG or complement C3
B. Polyspecific AHG - targets both human IgG and complement serum

A

Antihuman Globulin Reagent (AHG)

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21
Q

Also known as “Coombs’ test.” It refers to a method that uses antibodies directed against human globulins to aid in the detection of RBCs sensitized by IgG alloantibodies, IgG autoantibodies, and/or complement components

a. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) – used to detect “in vivo” cell sensitization
b. Indirect antiglobulin test (LAT) – used to detect “in vitro” cell sensitization

A

Antihuman globulin test (AGT)

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22
Q

It is a commercially prepared reagent containing antibody with known specificity

A

Antiserum

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23
Q

It is used to describe antigens controlled by a pair of allelic genes

A

Antithetical

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24
Q

It is a method of blood collection in which the whole blood is withdrawn and processed. The machine collects the desired component and the remainder of the blood is returned to the donor

a. Plateletpheresis – removal of platelets
b. Leukapheresis – removal of leukocytes
c. Plasmapheresis – removal of plasma

A

Apheresis

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25
Q

It is the process of antibody removal through the use of the patient’s own antigen

A

Autoabsorption

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26
Q

It is abbreviated as PS-PR (patient serum-patient red cell), which refers to testing the patient’s serum for antibody against his/her own red c

A

Autocontrol

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27
Q

It refers to the strength of antigen-antibody reaction as influenced by characteristic feature of the antigen and antibody

A

Avidity

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28
Q

These are biological substances which pose a threat to the health of living organisms, especially humans

A

Biohazards

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29
Q

It is an antibody with reactivity occurring in two phases

A

Biphasic hemolysin

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30
Q

It consists of a single bag or an interconnected multiple bags with tubings used in blood donation

A

Blood bag

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31
Q

It is one of the major divisions in a hospital laboratory that provides safe blood to patients by performing blood screening, grouping, and compatibility testing

A

Blood bank

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32
Q

These refer to the different cellular and liquid compositions of blood separated by physical means

A

Blood components

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33
Q

It is a frozen plasma product that contains all clotting factors; usually administered to patients with clotting factor deficiencies other than Hemophilia A, von Willebrand

A

Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

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34
Q

It is a red cell component prepared by separating the plasma from whole blood unit resulting in a hematocrit level of approximately 80%

A

Packed RBC

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35
Q

These are platelets removed from unrefrigerated fresh whole blood and stored for transfusion

A

Platelet concentrate

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36
Q

It is a platelet concentrate containing at least 5.5 x 1010 platelets obtained manually by centrifugation

A

Random platelet concentrate

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37
Q

It is a platelet concentrate containing about 3.0 x 1011 platelets obtained by apheresis

A

Single platelet concentrate

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38
Q

It is a concentrated coagulated Factor VIII and Factor I (fibrinogen) extracted

A

Cryoprecipitate

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39
Q

It is the blood component which includes prothrombin complexes, Factor XIII, and Factor VII that is most commonly indicated in trauma, liver disease, and oral anticoagulant toxicity. Factor concentrates offer a rapid and relatively easy method of improving coagulation stability without risks of FFP transfusion, volume load, or infectious complications

A

Factor concentrate

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40
Q

These are erythrocytes that are treated with cytoprotective agent and subsequently kept in a freezing temperature

A

Frozen red cells

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41
Q

These are erythrocytes that are treated by a solution (containing pyruvate, inosine, phosphate, and adenine) which restores 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and ATP to at least normal levels

A

Rejuvenated red cells

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42
Q

It is the application of physical means such as refrigerated centrifugation to separate the different cellular and liquid compositions of whole blood

A

Blood component preparation

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43
Q

It is a manual blood component preparation that limits the use of blood and its components within 24 hours after exposure of the blood to open air

A

Open system

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44
Q

it is a blood component preparation that usually uses the refrigerated centrifuge. It limits the use of blood and its components to longer period up to the expiration date due to a sterile intact blood bag system

A

Closed system

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45
Q

It is a filter device attached to a blood or blood component unit and designed to retain unwanted cells, blood clots, or debris

A

Blood filter

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46
Q

These are soluble antigens present in fluids that can be used to neutralize their corresponding antibodies. Blood group systems that demonstrates BGSSs are ABO, Lewis, and P

A

Blood group specific soluble substances (BGSSs)

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47
Q

It is a system of classifying blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the red blood cells. The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) currently recognizes 30 blood group systems

A

Blood group system

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48
Q

This is the test used to determine a blood group system

A

Blood typing

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49
Q

It is the determination of red cell antigen through the use of antiserum of known specificity. It is also referred to as red cell phenotyping.

A

Forward typing / Direct typing / Cell typing

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50
Q

It is the determination of serum or plasma antibodies using cell of known antigen profile

A

Backward typing / Indirect typing / Serum typing

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51
Q

It is a device used in warming blood stored at refrigerator temperature 4°C to 6°C to body temperature before infusion

A

Blood warmer

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52
Q

it is the failure of an individual to express inherited A or B genes because of the lack of H gene. An individual with Bombay phenotype has a potent anti-H in his/her serum. Bombay phenotype is designed as Oh

A

Bombay phenotype (Oh)

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53
Q

It is the main soluble protein in the serum of the cattle that is often used as an enzymatically inert protein or negative control

A

Bovine serum albumin

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54
Q

It is the most preferred method used for crossmatching that includes 3 phases: immediate spin, thermophase, and AHG phase

A

Broad spectrum compatibility test

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55
Q

It is a condition producing two cell populations in an individual

A

Chimerism

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56
Q

It is a rare condition characterized by the difficulty of the phagocytic cells to generate superoxide radicals needed in killing ingested pathogens. A person with CGD suffers from recurrent suppurative bacterial and fungal in

A

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

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57
Q

These are substances present in the plasma involved in the clotting process

A

Coagulation factor

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58
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Factor I

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59
Q

Prothrombin

A

Factor II

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60
Q

Tissue Factor

A

Factor III

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61
Q

Calcium

A

Factor IV

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62
Q

Proaccelerin

A

Factor V

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63
Q

Activated Factor V

A

Factor VI

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64
Q

Proconvertin

A

Factor VII

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65
Q

Antihemophilic Factor A

A

Factor VIII

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66
Q

Christmas Factor

A

Factor IX

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67
Q

Stuart-Prower Factor

A

Factor X

68
Q

Plasma thromboplastin antecedent

A

Factor XI

69
Q

Hagemann Factor

A

Factor XII

70
Q

Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor

A

Factor XIII

71
Q

It is a sequence of three bases in a DNA strand that provides the genetic code for a specific amino acid

A

Codon

72
Q

It is a batch of tests including ABO and Rh grouping, screening of serum for alloantibodies, and crossmatching

A

Compatibility test

73
Q

It is serologically inactive when mixed

A

Compatible

74
Q

It is a complex of plasma proteins

A

Complement

75
Q

It is the transfusion of specific components rather than whole blood to treat a patient

A

Component therapy

76
Q

These are antibody-coated cells used to confirm negative results obtained in direct and indirect antihuman globulin tests

A

Coombs’ control / Check cells

77
Q

These are blood-containing stem cells which are taken from the umbilical cord after childbirth

A

Cord cells

78
Q

It is a computed value used to evaluate the effectiveness of platelet transfusion

A

Corrected count increment (CCI)

79
Q

It is the process of exchanging genetic material between 2 homologous pairs of chromosomes

A

Crossing over

80
Q

It is the testing of the patient’s blood against the donor’s blood

A

Crossmatch

81
Q

It is a type of crossmatch that involves mixing the patient’s serum and the donor’s red blood cells

A

Major crossmatch (PS-DR)

82
Q

It is a type of crossmatch that involves mixing the patient’s red blood cells and the donor’s serum

A

Minor crossmatch (PR-DS)

83
Q

It is a process of mixing the recipient’s serum with the donor’s red blood cells and centrifuging immediately. Absence of hemolysis and agglutination indicates compatibility.

A

Immediate crossmatch

84
Q

It is a crossmatch performed by a computer

A

Computerized crossmatch

85
Q

It uses type and screen method coupled with immediate spin

A

Abbreviated crossmatch

86
Q

These are substances that are added to erythrocytes to protect them against the harmful effects of freezing temperature

A

Cryoprotective agent

87
Q

These are hidden receptors that may be exposed when normal erythrocyte membranes are altered by bacterial or viral enzymes

A

Cryptantigens

88
Q

It is the process of removing glycerol from a unit of RBCs after thawing to return them to normal osmolality

A

Deglycerolization

89
Q

These are frozen red cells whose glycerol has been removed by several washings

A

Deglycerolized red cells

90
Q

It is a plasma expander that may be used as a substitute for plasma

A

Dextran

91
Q

It is a genetic marker present in the child but absent in the mother and the alleged father

A

Direct exclusion

92
Q

It is a sulfhydryl compound used to break down disulfide bonds of IgM

A

Dithiotreitol (DTT)

93
Q

It refers to dimethyl sulfoxide, a cryoprotectant used for hematopoietic progenitor cells

A

DMSO

94
Q

It is a biphasic IgG specifically directed to anti-P found in patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)

A

Donath-Landsteiner antibody

95
Q

It is the process of giving blood to a recipient

A

Donation

96
Q

This refers to an individual who gives blood in a blood donation

A

Donor

97
Q

This refers to a donor who gives blood on his/her own volition

A

Voluntary blood donor

98
Q

This refers to a donor who gives blood for

A

Paid blood donor

99
Q

This refers to a prescreened donor who is in the list of qualified voluntary donors and is fit to donate anytime in the community

A

Walking blood donor

100
Q

It is a phenomenon whereby an antibody reacts more strongly with red blood cells showing double dose of antigens than those with single dose

A

Dosage

101
Q

It is a coloring substance

A

Dye

102
Q

It is a dye that gives anti-A a blue color

A

Blue Dye

i. Bromphenol blue
ii. Thymol blue
iii. Patent blue

103
Q

It is a dye that gives anti-B a yellow color

A

Yellow Dye

i. Acriflavine
ii. Tartrazine yellow

104
Q

It is any combination if a blue dye and a yellow dye that gives AHG a green color

A

Green dye

105
Q

It is the product of deliberate manipulation of a red cell suspension to break an immune complex with subsequent release of the antibody into the surrounding medium

A

Eluate

106
Q

It is a process whereby cells that are coated with antibody are treated in such a manner as to disrupt the bonds between the antigen and antibody

A

Elution

107
Q

It is a substance capable of catalyzing a reaction

A

Enzyme

108
Q

It is a proteolytic enzyme obtained from pineapple

A

Bromelin

109
Q

It is a proteolytic enzyme formed in the human intestine

A

Trypsin

110
Q

It is a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the latex of fig trees

A

Ficin

111
Q

It is a proteolytic enzyme derived from papaya

A

Papain

112
Q

It is an immunologic incompatibility between the mother and the fetus that can produce severe or fatal consequences to the unborn or newborn infant due to the destruction of RBCs; it is also known as “hydrops fetalis” or “hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)”

A

Erythroblastosis fetalis

113
Q

It refers to the replacement of an infant’s coated RBCs with donor blood until one or two total blood volumes are accomplished

A

Exchange transfusion

114
Q

It refers to the activity in which a person is likely to get foreign substance; in blood bank practice, it refers to exposure either through blood transfusion or pregnancy

A

Exposure

115
Q

It is a transfusion reaction caused by leukoagglutinins characterized by fever

A

Febrile reaction

116
Q

It refers to the transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of the maternal organism

A

Fetomaternal hemorrhage

117
Q

It is a filamentous clot formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen

A

Fibrin

118
Q

It is also referred to as plasmin, a substance that has the ability to dissolve fibrin

A

Fibrinolysin

119
Q

It is the process of dissolving fibrin due to the action of fibrinolysin

A

Fibrinolysis

120
Q

It is a type of large glycoprotein found on the surface of cells and which mediates cellular adhesion

A

Fibronectin

121
Q

It is one of the five types of immunoglobulin known to be involved in immunity, produced during the second immune response

A

Gamma globulin

122
Q

The unit of inheritance within a chromosome

A

Gene

123
Q

It is a term used to describe a pair of genes in which neither is dominant over the other; that is, they are both expressed

A

Codominant

124
Q

It is a term used to describe a gene that does not appear to produce a detectable antigen

A

Amorphic

125
Q

It is a term used to describe one of two or more different genes that may occupy a specific locus on a chromosome

A

Allelic

126
Q

It is a term used to describe a gene that is expressed if present

A

Dominant

127
Q

It is a term used to describe a gene which is not expressed unless it is in the homozygous form

A

Recessive

128
Q

It is a term used to describe a gene that produces a repressor substance that inhibits an operator gene

A

Regulatory

129
Q

It is a term used to describe a gene that suppresses the phenotypic expression of another gene (especially of a mutant gene)

A

Suppressor

130
Q

It is a specific place on a chromosome where a gene is located

A

Gene locus

131
Q

It refers to the situation in which a gene on one chromosome of a homologous pair affects the actions of a related gene

A

Cis-position

132
Q

It refers to the situation in which a gene on one chromosome of a homologous pair affects the actions of a related gene on the other homolog

A

Trans-position

133
Q

It is a person’s actual genetic make-up

A

Genotype

134
Q

It is the genetic state of having two similar genes for the same trait

A

Homozygous

135
Q

It is the genetic state of having two dissimilar genes for the same trait

A

Heterozygous

136
Q

It is a cryoprotective agent

A

Glycerol

137
Q

It is the process of adding glycerol to a red blood cell unit to prevent the hemolysis of erythrocytes while freezing

A

Glycerolization

138
Q

It is a carbohydrate-attached lipid

A

Glycolipid

139
Q

It is any of several related proteins that can project through the thickness of the cell membrane of erythrocytes

A

Glycophorin

140
Q

It is a molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein

A

Glycoproteins

141
Q

It is a sphingolipid containing the sugar glucose or galactose

A

Glycosphingolipid

142
Q

It is an enzyme needed to attach a specific sugar molecule to a predetermined acceptor molecule

A

Glycosyltransferase

143
Q

It is an intense and frequently fatal immunologic reaction of engrafted cells against the host caused by the infusion of immunocompetent lymphocytes into the individuals with impaired immunity

A

Graft vs Host disease (GvHD)

144
Q

It is a condition characterized by markedly decreased leukocytes in the blood

A

Granulocytopenia

145
Q

It is a group of genes that are close on the chromosome and inherited together by an individual

A

Haplotype

146
Q

It is a very small substance to stimulate antibody production without attaching to a larger molecule

A

Hapten

147
Q

It is a plasma protein which binds to hemoglobin following intravascular hemolysis

A

Haptoglobin

148
Q

It refers to an increase in the volume of blood plasma resulting in a reduced concentration of red blood cells

A

Hemodilution

149
Q

It is the destruction of red blood cells with subsequent release of hemoglobin

A

Hemolysis

150
Q

It is the destruction of red blood cells outside the blood vessel; antibody coated red blood cells are removed from circulation by the liver and spleen

A

Extravascular Hemolysis

151
Q

It is the destruction of red cells within the vessels of the circulatory system

A

Intravascular Hemolysis

152
Q

It is a severe condition characterized by low RBC count resulting from the destruction

A

Hemolytic anemia

153
Q

It is a condition in which a patient has shortened red blood cell survival associated with hemolysis mediated by humoral antibody

A

Immune hemolytic anemia

154
Q

It refers to the continuous red blood cell destruction leading to anemia due to the presence of autoantibodies directed against the patient’s own red blood cells

A

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

155
Q

It is the red blood cell destruction due to drug-induced production of an autoantibody that recognizes red blood cell antigens

A

Drug-induced hemolytic anemia

156
Q

It is the red blood cell destruction due to the presence of alloantibodies to foreign red cell antigens introduced to the circulation through transfusion or pregnancy

A

Alloimmune hemolytic anemia

157
Q

It is an example of a bleeding disorder due to deficiency of a particular coagulation factor

A

Hemophilia

158
Q

It is a sex-linked recessive trait due to Factor VIII deficiency; most commonly affected are males

A

Hemophilia A

159
Q

Also known as Christmas disease, this sex-linked disorder is due to the absence of Factor IX

A

Hemophilia B

160
Q

These are antibodies characterized as weak and can be diluted to high titer despite the weak reaction strengths

A

High-titer, low-avidity (HTLA)

161
Q

It is the fluid obtained from a cyst of a dog tapeworm which can be a source of P1 substance and, therefore, can be used to neutralize anti-P1

A

Hydatid cyst

162
Q

It is a non-penetrating cryoprotective agent added to protect cells against damage

A

Hydroxyethyl starch (HES)

163
Q

It is the decrease in body temperature

A

Hypothermia

164
Q

It is a reaction of the body to respond and recognize foreign substances

A

Immune response

165
Q

Immunologic reaction induced by initial exposure to the antigens

A

Primary immune response

166
Q

Immunologic reaction induced following a second exposure to an antigen; also known as anamnestic response

A

Secondary immune response

Blood Banking Glossary (1 decks)

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