BB Glossary Of Terms (1-106) Flashcards
1
Q
It is a situation when the ABO forward typing result does not agree with the result in backward typing
A
ABO Discrepancy
2
Q
It is the removal of a specific antibody from a mixture of antibodies using cells of known specificity
A
Absorption
3
Q
It is the production of antibody after antigenic exposure or stimulation
A
Active Immunization
4
Q
These are chemical substances added to red cells to extend the shelf life up to 24 days
a. AS-1: Adsol (Fenwal Laboratory)
b. AS-3: Nutricel (Medsep Corporation)
c. AS-S: Optisol (Terumo Corporation)
A
Additives
5
Q
It is a rare condition characterized by the absence of antibodies
A
Agammaglobulinemia
6
Q
It is the clumping of particulate antigens with their corresponding specific antibodies. If the source of the antigen is red cell, clumping refers to “hemagglutination”
A
Agglutination
7
Q
It is an alternative form of a gene occupying a given locus
A
Allele
8
Q
It is the process of collecting amniotic fluid
A
Amniocentesis
9
Q
It is the albuminous fluid contained in amniotic sac that provides nutrients to the developing fetus
A
Amniotic Fluid
10
Q
It is referred to as the “silent gene” that does not produce a detectable antigen. An example of an amorphic gene is the O gene.
A
Amorph
11
Q
It is known as secondary immune response which also refers to the production of antibody after secondary antigenic exposure
A
Anamnestic response
12
Q
It is a severe allergic hypersensitivity reaction brought about by an antibody against IgA seen among IgA-deficient patients exposed to IgA antibody
A
Anaphylaxis
13
Q
It occurs before birth
A
Antenatal
14
Q
It is also known as immunoglobulin which refers to protein substances that are secreted by plasma cells and produced in response to antigenic stimulation
A. Alloantibody - immune antibody against foreign antigen of the same species
B. Autoantibody - antibody against its own self-antigens
C. Atypical antibody - also known as unexpected antibody
A
Antibody
15
Q
These are reagents used to enhance or speed up antigen-antibody reaction
A
Antibody potentiators
16
Q
This is used to detect immune antibody other than the naturally occurring one through the use of completely phenotyped group “O” cells
A
Antibody screening test
17
Q
It is any foreign substance which, when introduced to the body, stimulates antibody production
A
Antigen
18
Q
It describes the relative ability of a substance to illicit immune response
A
Antigenic
19
Q
It is the table of phenotype group “O” cells showing different antigens used to screen and identify immune antibody
A
Antigram
20
Q
It is also known as “Coombs’ serum.” It likewise refers to a secondary antibody directed against human IgG or complement
A. Monospecific AHG - targets either human IgG or complement C3
B. Polyspecific AHG - targets both human IgG and complement serum
A
Antihuman Globulin Reagent (AHG)
21
Q
Also known as “Coombs’ test.” It refers to a method that uses antibodies directed against human globulins to aid in the detection of RBCs sensitized by IgG alloantibodies, IgG autoantibodies, and/or complement components
a. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) – used to detect “in vivo” cell sensitization
b. Indirect antiglobulin test (LAT) – used to detect “in vitro” cell sensitization
A
Antihuman globulin test (AGT)
22
Q
It is a commercially prepared reagent containing antibody with known specificity
A
Antiserum
23
Q
It is used to describe antigens controlled by a pair of allelic genes
A
Antithetical
24
Q
It is a method of blood collection in which the whole blood is withdrawn and processed. The machine collects the desired component and the remainder of the blood is returned to the donor
a. Plateletpheresis – removal of platelets
b. Leukapheresis – removal of leukocytes
c. Plasmapheresis – removal of plasma
A
Apheresis
25
It is the process of antibody removal through the use of the patient’s own antigen
Autoabsorption
26
It is abbreviated as PS-PR (patient serum-patient red cell), which refers to testing the patient’s serum for antibody against his/her own red c
Autocontrol
27
It refers to the strength of antigen-antibody reaction as influenced by characteristic feature of the antigen and antibody
Avidity
28
These are biological substances which pose a threat to the health of living organisms, especially humans
Biohazards
29
It is an antibody with reactivity occurring in two phases
Biphasic hemolysin
30
It consists of a single bag or an interconnected multiple bags with tubings used in blood donation
Blood bag
31
It is one of the major divisions in a hospital laboratory that provides safe blood to patients by performing blood screening, grouping, and compatibility testing
Blood bank
32
These refer to the different cellular and liquid compositions of blood separated by physical means
Blood components
33
It is a frozen plasma product that contains all clotting factors; usually administered to patients with clotting factor deficiencies other than Hemophilia A, von Willebrand
Fresh frozen plasma (FFP)
34
It is a red cell component prepared by separating the plasma from whole blood unit resulting in a hematocrit level of approximately 80%
Packed RBC
35
These are platelets removed from unrefrigerated fresh whole blood and stored for transfusion
Platelet concentrate
36
It is a platelet concentrate containing at least 5.5 x 1010 platelets obtained manually by centrifugation
Random platelet concentrate
37
It is a platelet concentrate containing about 3.0 x 1011 platelets obtained by apheresis
Single platelet concentrate
38
It is a concentrated coagulated Factor VIII and Factor I (fibrinogen) extracted
Cryoprecipitate
39
It is the blood component which includes prothrombin complexes, Factor XIII, and Factor VII that is most commonly indicated in trauma, liver disease, and oral anticoagulant toxicity. Factor concentrates offer a rapid and relatively easy method of improving coagulation stability without risks of FFP transfusion, volume load, or infectious complications
Factor concentrate
40
These are erythrocytes that are treated with cytoprotective agent and subsequently kept in a freezing temperature
Frozen red cells
41
These are erythrocytes that are treated by a solution (containing pyruvate, inosine, phosphate, and adenine) which restores 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and ATP to at least normal levels
Rejuvenated red cells
42
It is the application of physical means such as refrigerated centrifugation to separate the different cellular and liquid compositions of whole blood
Blood component preparation
43
It is a manual blood component preparation that limits the use of blood and its components within 24 hours after exposure of the blood to open air
Open system
44
it is a blood component preparation that usually uses the refrigerated centrifuge. It limits the use of blood and its components to longer period up to the expiration date due to a sterile intact blood bag system
Closed system
45
It is a filter device attached to a blood or blood component unit and designed to retain unwanted cells, blood clots, or debris
Blood filter
46
These are soluble antigens present in fluids that can be used to neutralize their corresponding antibodies. Blood group systems that demonstrates BGSSs are ABO, Lewis, and P
Blood group specific soluble substances (BGSSs)
47
It is a system of classifying blood based on the presence or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the red blood cells. The International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) currently recognizes 30 blood group systems
Blood group system
48
This is the test used to determine a blood group system
Blood typing
49
It is the determination of red cell antigen through the use of antiserum of known specificity. It is also referred to as red cell phenotyping.
Forward typing / Direct typing / Cell typing
50
It is the determination of serum or plasma antibodies using cell of known antigen profile
Backward typing / Indirect typing / Serum typing
51
It is a device used in warming blood stored at refrigerator temperature 4°C to 6°C to body temperature before infusion
Blood warmer
52
it is the failure of an individual to express inherited A or B genes because of the lack of H gene. An individual with Bombay phenotype has a potent anti-H in his/her serum. Bombay phenotype is designed as Oh
Bombay phenotype (Oh)
53
It is the main soluble protein in the serum of the cattle that is often used as an enzymatically inert protein or negative control
Bovine serum albumin
54
It is the most preferred method used for crossmatching that includes 3 phases: immediate spin, thermophase, and AHG phase
Broad spectrum compatibility test
55
It is a condition producing two cell populations in an individual
Chimerism
56
It is a rare condition characterized by the difficulty of the phagocytic cells to generate superoxide radicals needed in killing ingested pathogens. A person with CGD suffers from recurrent suppurative bacterial and fungal in
Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)
57
These are substances present in the plasma involved in the clotting process
Coagulation factor
58
Fibrinogen
Factor I
59
Prothrombin
Factor II
60
Tissue Factor
Factor III
61
Calcium
Factor IV
62
Proaccelerin
Factor V
63
Activated Factor V
Factor VI
64
Proconvertin
Factor VII
65
Antihemophilic Factor A
Factor VIII
66
Christmas Factor
Factor IX
67
Stuart-Prower Factor
Factor X
68
Plasma thromboplastin antecedent
Factor XI
69
Hagemann Factor
Factor XII
70
Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor
Factor XIII
71
It is a sequence of three bases in a DNA strand that provides the genetic code for a specific amino acid
Codon
72
It is a batch of tests including ABO and Rh grouping, screening of serum for alloantibodies, and crossmatching
Compatibility test
73
It is serologically inactive when mixed
Compatible
74
It is a complex of plasma proteins
Complement
75
It is the transfusion of specific components rather than whole blood to treat a patient
Component therapy
76
These are antibody-coated cells used to confirm negative results obtained in direct and indirect antihuman globulin tests
Coombs’ control / Check cells
77
These are blood-containing stem cells which are taken from the umbilical cord after childbirth
Cord cells
78
It is a computed value used to evaluate the effectiveness of platelet transfusion
Corrected count increment (CCI)
79
It is the process of exchanging genetic material between 2 homologous pairs of chromosomes
Crossing over
80
It is the testing of the patient’s blood against the donor’s blood
Crossmatch
81
It is a type of crossmatch that involves mixing the patient’s serum and the donor’s red blood cells
Major crossmatch (PS-DR)
82
It is a type of crossmatch that involves mixing the patient’s red blood cells and the donor’s serum
Minor crossmatch (PR-DS)
83
It is a process of mixing the recipient’s serum with the donor’s red blood cells and centrifuging immediately. Absence of hemolysis and agglutination indicates compatibility.
Immediate crossmatch
84
It is a crossmatch performed by a computer
Computerized crossmatch
85
It uses type and screen method coupled with immediate spin
Abbreviated crossmatch
86
These are substances that are added to erythrocytes to protect them against the harmful effects of freezing temperature
Cryoprotective agent
87
These are hidden receptors that may be exposed when normal erythrocyte membranes are altered by bacterial or viral enzymes
Cryptantigens
88
It is the process of removing glycerol from a unit of RBCs after thawing to return them to normal osmolality
Deglycerolization
89
These are frozen red cells whose glycerol has been removed by several washings
Deglycerolized red cells
90
It is a plasma expander that may be used as a substitute for plasma
Dextran
91
It is a genetic marker present in the child but absent in the mother and the alleged father
Direct exclusion
92
It is a sulfhydryl compound used to break down disulfide bonds of IgM
Dithiotreitol (DTT)
93
It refers to dimethyl sulfoxide, a cryoprotectant used for hematopoietic progenitor cells
DMSO
94
It is a biphasic IgG specifically directed to anti-P found in patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH)
Donath-Landsteiner antibody
95
It is the process of giving blood to a recipient
Donation
96
This refers to an individual who gives blood in a blood donation
Donor
97
This refers to a donor who gives blood on his/her own volition
Voluntary blood donor
98
This refers to a donor who gives blood for
Paid blood donor
99
This refers to a prescreened donor who is in the list of qualified voluntary donors and is fit to donate anytime in the community
Walking blood donor
100
It is a phenomenon whereby an antibody reacts more strongly with red blood cells showing double dose of antigens than those with single dose
Dosage
101
It is a coloring substance
Dye
102
It is a dye that gives anti-A a blue color
Blue Dye
i. Bromphenol blue
ii. Thymol blue
iii. Patent blue
103
It is a dye that gives anti-B a yellow color
Yellow Dye
i. Acriflavine
ii. Tartrazine yellow
104
It is any combination if a blue dye and a yellow dye that gives AHG a green color
Green dye
105
It is the product of deliberate manipulation of a red cell suspension to break an immune complex with subsequent release of the antibody into the surrounding medium
Eluate
106
It is a process whereby cells that are coated with antibody are treated in such a manner as to disrupt the bonds between the antigen and antibody
Elution
107
It is a substance capable of catalyzing a reaction
Enzyme
108
It is a proteolytic enzyme obtained from pineapple
Bromelin
109
It is a proteolytic enzyme formed in the human intestine
Trypsin
110
It is a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the latex of fig trees
Ficin
111
It is a proteolytic enzyme derived from papaya
Papain
112
It is an immunologic incompatibility between the mother and the fetus that can produce severe or fatal consequences to the unborn or newborn infant due to the destruction of RBCs; it is also known as “hydrops fetalis” or “hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)”
Erythroblastosis fetalis
113
It refers to the replacement of an infant’s coated RBCs with donor blood until one or two total blood volumes are accomplished
Exchange transfusion
114
It refers to the activity in which a person is likely to get foreign substance; in blood bank practice, it refers to exposure either through blood transfusion or pregnancy
Exposure
115
It is a transfusion reaction caused by leukoagglutinins characterized by fever
Febrile reaction
116
It refers to the transplacental passage of fetal blood into the circulation of the maternal organism
Fetomaternal hemorrhage
117
It is a filamentous clot formed by the action of thrombin on fibrinogen
Fibrin
118
It is also referred to as plasmin, a substance that has the ability to dissolve fibrin
Fibrinolysin
119
It is the process of dissolving fibrin due to the action of fibrinolysin
Fibrinolysis
120
It is a type of large glycoprotein found on the surface of cells and which mediates cellular adhesion
Fibronectin
121
It is one of the five types of immunoglobulin known to be involved in immunity, produced during the second immune response
Gamma globulin
122
The unit of inheritance within a chromosome
Gene
123
It is a term used to describe a pair of genes in which neither is dominant over the other; that is, they are both expressed
Codominant
124
It is a term used to describe a gene that does not appear to produce a detectable antigen
Amorphic
125
It is a term used to describe one of two or more different genes that may occupy a specific locus on a chromosome
Allelic
126
It is a term used to describe a gene that is expressed if present
Dominant
127
It is a term used to describe a gene which is not expressed unless it is in the homozygous form
Recessive
128
It is a term used to describe a gene that produces a repressor substance that inhibits an operator gene
Regulatory
129
It is a term used to describe a gene that suppresses the phenotypic expression of another gene (especially of a mutant gene)
Suppressor
130
It is a specific place on a chromosome where a gene is located
Gene locus
131
It refers to the situation in which a gene on one chromosome of a homologous pair affects the actions of a related gene
Cis-position
132
It refers to the situation in which a gene on one chromosome of a homologous pair affects the actions of a related gene on the other homolog
Trans-position
133
It is a person’s actual genetic make-up
Genotype
134
It is the genetic state of having two similar genes for the same trait
Homozygous
135
It is the genetic state of having two dissimilar genes for the same trait
Heterozygous
136
It is a cryoprotective agent
Glycerol
137
It is the process of adding glycerol to a red blood cell unit to prevent the hemolysis of erythrocytes while freezing
Glycerolization
138
It is a carbohydrate-attached lipid
Glycolipid
139
It is any of several related proteins that can project through the thickness of the cell membrane of erythrocytes
Glycophorin
140
It is a molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein
Glycoproteins
141
It is a sphingolipid containing the sugar glucose or galactose
Glycosphingolipid
142
It is an enzyme needed to attach a specific sugar molecule to a predetermined acceptor molecule
Glycosyltransferase
143
It is an intense and frequently fatal immunologic reaction of engrafted cells against the host caused by the infusion of immunocompetent lymphocytes into the individuals with impaired immunity
Graft vs Host disease (GvHD)
144
It is a condition characterized by markedly decreased leukocytes in the blood
Granulocytopenia
145
It is a group of genes that are close on the chromosome and inherited together by an individual
Haplotype
146
It is a very small substance to stimulate antibody production without attaching to a larger molecule
Hapten
147
It is a plasma protein which binds to hemoglobin following intravascular hemolysis
Haptoglobin
148
It refers to an increase in the volume of blood plasma resulting in a reduced concentration of red blood cells
Hemodilution
149
It is the destruction of red blood cells with subsequent release of hemoglobin
Hemolysis
150
It is the destruction of red blood cells outside the blood vessel; antibody coated red blood cells are removed from circulation by the liver and spleen
Extravascular Hemolysis
151
It is the destruction of red cells within the vessels of the circulatory system
Intravascular Hemolysis
152
It is a severe condition characterized by low RBC count resulting from the destruction
Hemolytic anemia
153
It is a condition in which a patient has shortened red blood cell survival associated with hemolysis mediated by humoral antibody
Immune hemolytic anemia
154
It refers to the continuous red blood cell destruction leading to anemia due to the presence of autoantibodies directed against the patient’s own red blood cells
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
155
It is the red blood cell destruction due to drug-induced production of an autoantibody that recognizes red blood cell antigens
Drug-induced hemolytic anemia
156
It is the red blood cell destruction due to the presence of alloantibodies to foreign red cell antigens introduced to the circulation through transfusion or pregnancy
Alloimmune hemolytic anemia
157
It is an example of a bleeding disorder due to deficiency of a particular coagulation factor
Hemophilia
158
It is a sex-linked recessive trait due to Factor VIII deficiency; most commonly affected are males
Hemophilia A
159
Also known as Christmas disease, this sex-linked disorder is due to the absence of Factor IX
Hemophilia B
160
These are antibodies characterized as weak and can be diluted to high titer despite the weak reaction strengths
High-titer, low-avidity (HTLA)
161
It is the fluid obtained from a cyst of a dog tapeworm which can be a source of P1 substance and, therefore, can be used to neutralize anti-P1
Hydatid cyst
162
It is a non-penetrating cryoprotective agent added to protect cells against damage
Hydroxyethyl starch (HES)
163
It is the decrease in body temperature
Hypothermia
164
It is a reaction of the body to respond and recognize foreign substances
Immune response
165
Immunologic reaction induced by initial exposure to the antigens
Primary immune response
166
Immunologic reaction induced following a second exposure to an antigen; also known as anamnestic response
Secondary immune response
