BB AALA Ch21 Fish Flashcards
- Which Vertebrate has the highest number of distinct species?
Fish
- True or False: Freshwater species of fish absorb and excrete agents similar to saline and euryhaline species.
False
Freshwater species should be expected to absorb and excrete agents differently due to radical differences in their handling of ionic homeostasis, but these differences are not well studied.
- Which fish are the most challenging to anesthetize?
Fishes from pelagic (open sea) and fast flowing streams.
- Which association specifically defines and promotes the study of pain?
IASP= International Association for the Study of Pain
What evidence suggests that fish do perceive painful stimuli?
1) Functional neurologic pathway for nociception
2) Reactive complex behavioral responses and learned avoidance behavior to noxious stimuli
3) Endogenous chemical modulation analogous to mammals
Because fish lack the structure analogous to the mammalian ________, it has been argued that they do not feel pain.
neocortex
- Describe the endogenous opioid system in fish.
Kappa and mu receptors in the brain
Describe nociception in fish.
Nociceptors respond to pressurer, prick, and heat, and subsequently activate the telencephalon (demonstrated in goldfish and trout).
- True or False: Fish can be acclimated to catch and transfer (“netting”) like mammals.
True
- True or False: Mesh nets are adequate to catch fish.
False. Stiff and abrasive, best would be to use bag nets or box traps
- True or False: Fasting is not recommended before anesthesia of fish.
False. 24hr fasting is recommended to avoid regurgitation
- True or False: Fish should be observed for 24 hours after anesthesia to confirm good recovery from anesthesia.
True
- Which route of administration is most commonly used for anesthesia in fish ?
immersion
- Where is the anesthetic used for immersion absorbed by the fish?
gills
- Which commonly checked parameter is most crucial for adequate anesthesia in fish?
dissolved oxygen
- Where are IM injection usually performed?
above the lateral line under the dorsal fin
- True or False: For long surgeries, a method of continuous flow of well aerated anesthetic water over the gills is needed.
True
- Where are IP injections usually given in fish?
between pelvic fin and anus with needle angled forward on midline
- What is the least damaging way to handle fish?
Wet latex or nitrile gloves
- What signs are observed to monitor and assess the depth of anesthesia?
Rate and strength of opercular movement
Movement of the fish
Righting reflex
Menace reflex
- For immersion anesthesia, where should the water come from to prepare the anesthetic immersion solution?
The original tank if clean
- True or False: The ideal anesthetic depth in fish is a compromise achieving slow, steady and effective opercular movement without response to stimulation.
True
- True or False: Once anesthesia is no longer needed, the fish is placed in a well aerated, anesthetic-free water (ideally from the original tank) and manual movement of the fish can be used to force water through the gills.
True
- What are the “best practices” anesthetic agents used as an immersion solution in fish, as reported by the AALA?
Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222, TMS, Metacaine, Fiquel)
Quinaldine sulfate
Imidazole anesthetics (metomidate, marinil, methomidate, etomidate, amidate, R7464) - not ideal in most cases but may have specific use in certain situation
(Eugenol - approved for use in fish in Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Korea)
