BB 3e Ch. 15- ruminants Flashcards
1
Q
Scientific name of domestic sheep
A
Ovis aries
2
Q
Common name of Ovis aries
A
domestic sheep
3
Q
Scientific name of domestic goat
A
Capra hircus
4
Q
Scientific name of domestic cattle
A
Bos taurus Bos indicus (Zebu, brahma)
5
Q
Common name of Capra hircus
A
domestic goat
6
Q
Common name of Bos taurus
A
domestic cow
7
Q
What kind of sheep are: Hampshire, Dorset, Columbia?
A
Medium wool (meat) breeds
8
Q
What kind of sheep are: Suffolk, southdown, Border Cheviot?
A
Medium wool (meat) breeds
9
Q
What kind of sheep are: Merino, Rambouillet?
A
fine wool sheep
10
Q
What kind of sheep are: Lincoln, Romney?
A
Long wool sheep (also politicians)
11
Q
What kind of sheep are: Barbados, Katahdin?
A
Hair sheep
12
Q
What kind of goats are: alpine?
A
dairy
13
Q
What kind of goats are: Nubian?
A
dairy- big floppy ears
14
Q
What kind of goats are: La Mancha?
A
dairy- no ears
15
Q
What kind of goats are: Saanen?
A
dairy
16
Q
What kind of goats are: Oberhaslie?
A
dairy
17
Q
What kind of goats are: angora?
A
fiber- mohair source
18
Q
What kind of goats are: cashmere?
A
fiber
19
Q
What kind of goats are: boer?
A
meat breed
20
Q
What kind of goats are: kiko, pygmy?
A
pets/meat breeds
21
Q
What are some historic research areas for sheep and goats?
A
production agriculture, cardiac studies, reproductive techniques, genetic engineering
22
Q
What are common research uses for sheep?
A
antibody production, ruminant phys/nutrition, fetal/repro research, circadian rhythm
23
Q
What is the corriedale a natural model of?
A
congenital hyperbilirubinemia/hepatic organic anion excretory defect (Dubin-Johnson syndrome)
24
Q
What is the southdown a natural model of?
A
congenital hyperbilirubinemia/hepatic uptake defect (Gilbert’s syndrome)
25
What is the rambouillet a natural model of?
gamma-glutamyl dehydrogenase deficiency
26
What is the suffolk a natural model of?
GM1 gangliosidosis
27
What are some induced models of sheep?
```
arteriosclerosis
hemorrhagic shock
**copper poisoning (Wilson's dz)**
metabolic toxicosis
orthopedic surgery
airway dz/asthma
device/drug discovery/implantation
```
28
Whare are common research uses for goats?
antibody production
immunology, mastitis, nutrition, parasitology
vascular research (large jugulars)
inherited caprine myotonia congenita (fainting goats)-->model of human dz (Thomson's dz)
osteoporosis
29
What are some common uses of nubian goats in research?
beta-mannosidosis, prenatal therapeutic cell transplantation
30
At a minimum, what should sheep be vaccinated for by a vendor?
tetanus
| clostridial dz
31
At a minimum, what should goats be vaccinated for by a vendor?
tetanus
| clostridial dz
32
What diseases should sheep be screened for prior to arrival at a facility?
```
Coxiella burnetii
Contagious echthyma
CLA
Johne's dz
OPP
Parasitism
```
33
What diseases should goats be screened for prior to arrival at a facility?
```
Coxiella burnettii
CAE
Brucellosis
Tubercuolosis
Johne's dz
Parasites, CLA, contagious ecthyma, Mycoplasma dependent on area
```
34
What dry bulb temperature should ruminants be kept at according to the Guide?
61-81 F (16-17C)
35
You are housing a single sheep weighing 55kg. How much space does it need (Guide)?
at least 20 sq ft
36
You are housing a pair of goats weighing 30kg. How much space does the pair need?
25 sq ft (12.5/goat)
37
You are housing 5 ewes weighing 30kg. How much space is needed in the primary enclosure?
62.5 sq ft (12.5/ewe)
38
You are housing 10 ewes weighing 60kg each. How much space is needed in the primary enclosure?
150 sq ft (15/ewe)
39
T/F: cattle and sheep can hear ultrasonic frequencies
True.
40
Which type of sheep is most gregarious?
fine-wool (merino, rambouillet)
41
Which type of sheep is mostly solitary?
long-wool (also politicians- Lincoln, Romney)
42
Which of the following is contraindicated in catching sheep:
a. hooking around the neck with a shepherd's crook
b. funneling into a chute
c. hand-catching around the neck
d. grabbing the wool behind the shoulders
D. grabbing the wool can damage wool and underlying tissues
43
Which of the following is the best choice for running sheep through a chute?
a. a chute made of livestock panels
b. a solid chute that is completely in the shade
c. a solid chute with dappled sunlight under a tree
d. sheep don't run through chutes- they must be hand-caught
B. solid sided chute in the shade- contrasts caused by changing light/shadow can spook ruminants
44
What is the best way to decrease the flight zone of goats?
consistent handling and human interaction
45
What is the primary source of energy for ruminants?
Volatile fatty acids (not glucose)
46
What are the primary VFAs in ruminants?
propionic acid, acetate, butyric acid
47
Where does lipogenesis occur in sheep?
adipose tissue, mammary gland (not liver)
48
How old must a ruminant be before it will start eating hay?
1-3 weeks, but won't use it for primary nutrition yet
49
How much of the ruminant diet can roughage make up?
All of it if it is good quality- concentrates aren't needed
50
How long does passive transfer of Ig occur in ruminant neonates?
up to 36hrs, but colostrum should be given in the first 12h to ensure adequate transfer of Ig
51
What are the small red nodes associated with blood vessels in sheep?
hemal lymph nodes- contain RBCs
52
What are the 3 sheep MHC classes
OVAR class I, II, III
53
An investigator wants to do an adrenalectomy on a sheep as a surgical model. Why is this not a good model for this?
Accessory adrenal medullary tissue is interspersed through the abdomen
54
What type of placentation do ruminants have?
epitheliochorial, cotyledonary
55
How old are sheep and goats at puberty?
Sheep 7-8mo
| Goats 4-8mo
56
What cycle type do sheep and goats have?
seasonally polyestrus
57
How long is the estrus cycle of sheep and goats?
sheep 14-19d (17d)
| goats 18-24d (21d)
58
What is the gestation of sheep and goats?
sheep 147-150
| goats 144-155
59
What are some methods of estrus synchronization in ruminants?
PGF2α protocol in goats
21-day pessary of progesterone analog + PMSG
Separation from buck during summer, reintroduction just prior to breeding season
60
What method of sheep reproduction results in year-round lambing?
cornell STAR lambing system- uses natural seasonality of 5 different sheep breeds
61
Methods of pregnancy detection in ewes?
Transcutaneous U/S - 98% accuracy at 6 wks postbreeding, best beyond 60 days gestation
Intra-rectal U/S used to detect fetal HR (130-160 vs. 90-110 for ewe)
Use sterile teaser to detect open ewes at end of breeding season
62
What is crutching?
removal of wool around perineal and mammary areas to minimize fetal contamination during birth. GOOD!
63
What is mulesing?
removal of skin folds in perineum. BAD!
64
When does the highest rate of lamb mortality occur?
first month of life
65
What is woolsorter's disease?
anthrax
66
causative agent of anthrax
bacillus anthracis
67
clinical signs of anthrax in ruminants?
Incubation 3-7d
See septicemia, hyperthermia, anorexia, depression, listlessness, depression, tremors, occasionally peracute death
Bloody secretions urine, diarrhea, milk; abortion
Fatal in sheep and goats. See death in 1-3 days from shock, renal failure, anoxia
68
Reservoir of anthrax
soil-->why cattle and sheep are more affected than goats (grazer vs browser)
69
What are characteristic gross findings of anthrax in ruminants?
Cyanosis, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, epicardial/subQ hemorrhages
Incomplete rigor mortis, rapid putrefaction, dark, uncoagulated blood exuding from all body orifices
70
what do you do if you suspect an anthrax case?
call the state vet!
71
What is the etiologic agent of caprine staphylococcal dermatitis?
Staph intermedius or Staph aureus
72
What is the primary cause of caprine staphylococcal dermatitis
boredom
73
What causes fatal hemorrhagic enterocolitis in neonatal sheep and the condition known as 'Struck'?
Clostridium perfringens type C
74
What toxin leads to enterotoxemia from C. perfringens type C
beta toxin
75
What toxin leads to pulpy kidney disease from C. perfringens type D?
epsilon toxin
76
You have a lamb in a sawhorse stance with nictitating/prolapsed third eyelids. What is your primary differential?
tetanus
77
What is a risk factor for tetanus in ruminants?
retained placenta, surgical procedures like castration, etc.
