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ruminants 2017 > BB 3e Ch. 15- ruminants > Flashcards

BB 3e Ch. 15- ruminants Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific name of domestic sheep

A

Ovis aries

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2
Q

Common name of Ovis aries

A

domestic sheep

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3
Q

Scientific name of domestic goat

A

Capra hircus

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4
Q

Scientific name of domestic cattle

A 
Bos taurus 
Bos indicus (Zebu, brahma)
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5
Q

Common name of Capra hircus

A

domestic goat

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6
Q

Common name of Bos taurus

A

domestic cow

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7
Q

What kind of sheep are: Hampshire, Dorset, Columbia?

A

Medium wool (meat) breeds

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8
Q

What kind of sheep are: Suffolk, southdown, Border Cheviot?

A

Medium wool (meat) breeds

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9
Q

What kind of sheep are: Merino, Rambouillet?

A

fine wool sheep

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10
Q

What kind of sheep are: Lincoln, Romney?

A

Long wool sheep (also politicians)

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11
Q

What kind of sheep are: Barbados, Katahdin?

A

Hair sheep

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12
Q

What kind of goats are: alpine?

A

dairy

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13
Q

What kind of goats are: Nubian?

A

dairy- big floppy ears

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14
Q

What kind of goats are: La Mancha?

A

dairy- no ears

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15
Q

What kind of goats are: Saanen?

A

dairy

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16
Q

What kind of goats are: Oberhaslie?

A

dairy

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17
Q

What kind of goats are: angora?

A

fiber- mohair source

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18
Q

What kind of goats are: cashmere?

A

fiber

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19
Q

What kind of goats are: boer?

A

meat breed

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20
Q

What kind of goats are: kiko, pygmy?

A

pets/meat breeds

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21
Q

What are some historic research areas for sheep and goats?

A

production agriculture, cardiac studies, reproductive techniques, genetic engineering

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22
Q

What are common research uses for sheep?

A

antibody production, ruminant phys/nutrition, fetal/repro research, circadian rhythm

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23
Q

What is the corriedale a natural model of?

A

congenital hyperbilirubinemia/hepatic organic anion excretory defect (Dubin-Johnson syndrome)

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24
Q

What is the southdown a natural model of?

A

congenital hyperbilirubinemia/hepatic uptake defect (Gilbert’s syndrome)

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25
Q

What is the rambouillet a natural model of?

A

gamma-glutamyl dehydrogenase deficiency

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26
Q

What is the suffolk a natural model of?

A

GM1 gangliosidosis

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27
Q

What are some induced models of sheep?

A 
arteriosclerosis
hemorrhagic shock
**copper poisoning (Wilson's dz)**
metabolic toxicosis
orthopedic surgery
airway dz/asthma
device/drug discovery/implantation
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28
Q

Whare are common research uses for goats?

A

antibody production
immunology, mastitis, nutrition, parasitology
vascular research (large jugulars)
inherited caprine myotonia congenita (fainting goats)–>model of human dz (Thomson’s dz)
osteoporosis

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29
Q

What are some common uses of nubian goats in research?

A

beta-mannosidosis, prenatal therapeutic cell transplantation

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30
Q

At a minimum, what should sheep be vaccinated for by a vendor?

A

tetanus

clostridial dz

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31
Q

At a minimum, what should goats be vaccinated for by a vendor?

A

tetanus

clostridial dz

32
Q

What diseases should sheep be screened for prior to arrival at a facility?

A 
Coxiella burnetii
Contagious echthyma
CLA
Johne's dz
OPP
Parasitism
33
Q

What diseases should goats be screened for prior to arrival at a facility?

A 
Coxiella burnettii 
CAE
Brucellosis
Tubercuolosis
Johne's dz
Parasites, CLA, contagious ecthyma, Mycoplasma dependent on area
34
Q

What dry bulb temperature should ruminants be kept at according to the Guide?

A

61-81 F (16-17C)

35
Q

You are housing a single sheep weighing 55kg. How much space does it need (Guide)?

A

at least 20 sq ft

36
Q

You are housing a pair of goats weighing 30kg. How much space does the pair need?

A

25 sq ft (12.5/goat)

37
Q

You are housing 5 ewes weighing 30kg. How much space is needed in the primary enclosure?

A

62.5 sq ft (12.5/ewe)

38
Q

You are housing 10 ewes weighing 60kg each. How much space is needed in the primary enclosure?

A

150 sq ft (15/ewe)

39
Q

T/F: cattle and sheep can hear ultrasonic frequencies

A

True.

40
Q

Which type of sheep is most gregarious?

A

fine-wool (merino, rambouillet)

41
Q

Which type of sheep is mostly solitary?

A

long-wool (also politicians- Lincoln, Romney)

42
Q

Which of the following is contraindicated in catching sheep:

a. hooking around the neck with a shepherd’s crook
b. funneling into a chute
c. hand-catching around the neck
d. grabbing the wool behind the shoulders

A

D. grabbing the wool can damage wool and underlying tissues

43
Q

Which of the following is the best choice for running sheep through a chute?

a. a chute made of livestock panels
b. a solid chute that is completely in the shade
c. a solid chute with dappled sunlight under a tree
d. sheep don’t run through chutes- they must be hand-caught

A

B. solid sided chute in the shade- contrasts caused by changing light/shadow can spook ruminants

44
Q

What is the best way to decrease the flight zone of goats?

A

consistent handling and human interaction

45
Q

What is the primary source of energy for ruminants?

A

Volatile fatty acids (not glucose)

46
Q

What are the primary VFAs in ruminants?

A

propionic acid, acetate, butyric acid

47
Q

Where does lipogenesis occur in sheep?

A

adipose tissue, mammary gland (not liver)

48
Q

How old must a ruminant be before it will start eating hay?

A

1-3 weeks, but won’t use it for primary nutrition yet

49
Q

How much of the ruminant diet can roughage make up?

A

All of it if it is good quality- concentrates aren’t needed

50
Q

How long does passive transfer of Ig occur in ruminant neonates?

A

up to 36hrs, but colostrum should be given in the first 12h to ensure adequate transfer of Ig

51
Q

What are the small red nodes associated with blood vessels in sheep?

A

hemal lymph nodes- contain RBCs

52
Q

What are the 3 sheep MHC classes

A

OVAR class I, II, III

53
Q

An investigator wants to do an adrenalectomy on a sheep as a surgical model. Why is this not a good model for this?

A

Accessory adrenal medullary tissue is interspersed through the abdomen

54
Q

What type of placentation do ruminants have?

A

epitheliochorial, cotyledonary

55
Q

How old are sheep and goats at puberty?

A

Sheep 7-8mo

Goats 4-8mo

56
Q

What cycle type do sheep and goats have?

A

seasonally polyestrus

57
Q

How long is the estrus cycle of sheep and goats?

A

sheep 14-19d (17d)

goats 18-24d (21d)

58
Q

What is the gestation of sheep and goats?

A

sheep 147-150

goats 144-155

59
Q

What are some methods of estrus synchronization in ruminants?

A

PGF2α protocol in goats
21-day pessary of progesterone analog + PMSG
Separation from buck during summer, reintroduction just prior to breeding season

60
Q

What method of sheep reproduction results in year-round lambing?

A

cornell STAR lambing system- uses natural seasonality of 5 different sheep breeds

61
Q

Methods of pregnancy detection in ewes?

A

Transcutaneous U/S - 98% accuracy at 6 wks postbreeding, best beyond 60 days gestation
Intra-rectal U/S used to detect fetal HR (130-160 vs. 90-110 for ewe)
Use sterile teaser to detect open ewes at end of breeding season

62
Q

What is crutching?

A

removal of wool around perineal and mammary areas to minimize fetal contamination during birth. GOOD!

63
Q

What is mulesing?

A

removal of skin folds in perineum. BAD!

64
Q

When does the highest rate of lamb mortality occur?

A

first month of life

65
Q

What is woolsorter’s disease?

A

anthrax

66
Q

causative agent of anthrax

A

bacillus anthracis

67
Q

clinical signs of anthrax in ruminants?

A

Incubation 3-7d
See septicemia, hyperthermia, anorexia, depression, listlessness, depression, tremors, occasionally peracute death
Bloody secretions urine, diarrhea, milk; abortion
Fatal in sheep and goats. See death in 1-3 days from shock, renal failure, anoxia

68
Q

Reservoir of anthrax

A

soil–>why cattle and sheep are more affected than goats (grazer vs browser)

69
Q

What are characteristic gross findings of anthrax in ruminants?

A

Cyanosis, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, epicardial/subQ hemorrhages
Incomplete rigor mortis, rapid putrefaction, dark, uncoagulated blood exuding from all body orifices

70
Q

what do you do if you suspect an anthrax case?

A

call the state vet!

71
Q

What is the etiologic agent of caprine staphylococcal dermatitis?

A

Staph intermedius or Staph aureus

72
Q

What is the primary cause of caprine staphylococcal dermatitis

A

boredom

73
Q

What causes fatal hemorrhagic enterocolitis in neonatal sheep and the condition known as ‘Struck’?

A

Clostridium perfringens type C

74
Q

What toxin leads to enterotoxemia from C. perfringens type C

A

beta toxin

75
Q

What toxin leads to pulpy kidney disease from C. perfringens type D?

A

epsilon toxin

76
Q

You have a lamb in a sawhorse stance with nictitating/prolapsed third eyelids. What is your primary differential?

A

tetanus

77
Q

What is a risk factor for tetanus in ruminants?

A

retained placenta, surgical procedures like castration, etc.

ruminants 2017 (1 decks)

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