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Geography Test > Battle For The Biosphere > Flashcards

Battle For The Biosphere Flashcards

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1
Q

Case Study- Ramsar convention on wetlands

A
  • set up in 1971
  • 162 countries have signed up
  • 2060 wetlands are now protected
  • 2Mil square km of land are protected
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2
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

Where living and non living things live in a shared environment

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3
Q

Local factors affecting biomes

A

Altitude- temperatures fall half a degree for every 100m in altitude.
Drainage- poor drainage can create swampland and other issues
Soil- if you have a thin soul it’s less likely that things will grow

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4
Q

Describe how local factors affect the growth of a rainforest

A

Above the tree line, colder temperatures limit forest growth. Poorly drained land close to rivers can create swamp land, so trees can’t grow there

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5
Q

What is a biome?

A

A plant and animal community

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6
Q

Goods provided by the biosphere

A

Food: fish, meat, berries, commercial crops
Medicines: vitamin C in oranges, quinine
Raw materials: wood for construction, plants for roofing material, wood pulp for paper

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7
Q

Case study of a decidous forest and how does it benefit people

A

Windsor forest UK

  • wood chopped down to create farmland to feed a growing population
  • by 1919 only 5% of forest left
  • made into a small sustainable project
  • broad range of biodiversity so they’ve tried to protect it
  • protected by natural England
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8
Q

Case study of a tropical rainforest and how did this benefit people?

A

South America/ Africa

  • used to build homes
  • medicines and raw materials
  • land can be cleared for agriculture
  • wood can be used for income
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9
Q

Case study of a coniferous rainforest and how did this benefit people?

A

Scandinavia/ North America

  • use it for paper
  • provide much of the worlds soft wood
  • pine is a popular material for furniture
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10
Q

Explain convectional rainfall

A

1) warm air rises
2) warm air cools
3) condensation
4) precipitation

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11
Q

Case study:Amazon rainforest

A
  • Brazil
  • 10 degrees north and south of equator
  • temperature 28•C
  • convectional rainfall
  • huge biodiversity
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12
Q

What are the four large scale land use changes

A

Mining
-new roads, creation of trans Amazon highway
Timber
-other trees have to be chopped to get to mahogany
-need tropical hardwood for furniture and flooring
Agricultural land
-rainforest cut down for commercial farming
-farmers with no land move into Amazonia along new roads
Soya craze
-increase in beef demand, more cattle farms are made
-rise in soya bean production

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13
Q

Five types of biosphere conservation

A 
Rainforest 
Cities 
National parks 
Wetland management 
World heritage sites
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14
Q

Explain biosphere conservation in cities

A

Harsh penalties for poachers

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15
Q

Biosphere conservation in rainforests

A

Debt for nature swap agreements

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16
Q

Biosphere conservation in world heritage sites

A

Over 950 important sites have been awarded recognition by the UN since 1972

17
Q

Biosphere conservation in national parks

A

Cover 13% of land surface on earth.
Aren’t allowed to build on them
Overseen by angencies including United Nations

18
Q

Biosphere conservation in wetland management

A

The Ramsar convention

19
Q

Case study for wetland management

A

Ramsar convention

  • set up in 1971 in Iran
  • 162 countries have signed up to it
  • 2060 wetlands are now protected
  • 2mil square km are protected
20
Q

What is sustainability?

A

Things that you do now so it won’t affect future generations. Hard to achieve because you have to consider the social, economic and environmental impacts

21
Q

Case study- Caledonian forest

A
  • Scotland
  • introduced 10,000 yrs ago
  • EU have funding so it can be returned to natural habitat
  • want to restore biodiversity in area
  • want to reintroduce wild boar because they’re foragers. They put nutrients back into the ground
22
Q

Changes for the tropical rainforest

A
  • droughts reported in parts of Amazon
  • amphibians are more vulnerable due to temperature change
  • unusual shifts in rain bearing winds
23
Q

Changes for UK

A
  • moving tree line
  • changed growing season for plants in central England
  • new marine wild life
24
Q

Three things that connect to biosphere

A

Atmosphere- plants absorb carbon dioxide and produce oxygen
Water cycle- trees and plants slow the flow of rain water to rivers, acting as a natural flood control
Soil Heath- dead leaves and plants add nutrients to the soul. Creatures burrow helping the soil breathe

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