Batteries Flashcards

1
Q

What do batteries do?

A

Batteries store chemical energy and convert it into electrical energy to power devices.

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2
Q

How do batteries work?

A

Batteries operate through electrochemical reactions between the anode, cathode, and electrolyte, generating a flow of electrons.

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3
Q

What are the two main types of batteries?

A

Primary (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable).

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4
Q

What are examples of primary batteries?

A

Alkaline, zinc-carbon, and lithium batteries.

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5
Q

What are examples of secondary batteries?

A

Lithium-ion, nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), and lead-acid batteries.

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6
Q

What are typical values associated with batteries?

A

Voltage (e.g., 1.5V, 9V), capacity (mAh or Ah), and chemistry type.

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7
Q

What is a deep-cycle battery?

A

A battery designed for repeated deep discharges and recharges, often used in solar power systems.

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8
Q

How do temperature extremes affect batteries?

A

High temperatures can cause leakage, while low temperatures reduce capacity.

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9
Q

What is a battery’s nominal voltage?

A

The standard voltage under typical usage conditions.

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10
Q

What can cause battery leakage?

A

Physical damage, overuse, or improper storage.

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11
Q

What is the function of the electrolyte in a battery?

A

It facilitates the chemical reactions that generate electricity.

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12
Q

What is battery capacity measured in?

A

Milliampere-hours (Ah) or ampere-hours (Ah).

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13
Q

What is a battery’s charge cycle?

A

The process of charging to full capacity and discharging completely.

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14
Q

What are common uses for batteries?

A

Portable electronics, flashlights, remote controls, and backup power supplies.

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15
Q

How can you extend battery life?

A

Avoid overcharging, deep discharging, and store in optimal conditions.

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16
Q

What is a battery management system (BMS)?

A

A system that monitors and manages battery performance for safety and efficiency.

17
Q

What happens if a battery is overcharged?

A

It can overheat, leak, or even explode.

18
Q

What are some safety risks associated with batteries?

A

Leakage, overheating, fire, or explosion.

19
Q

What is battery energy density?

A

The amount of energy stored per unit volume or weight.

20
Q

How do you safely dispose of batteries?

A

Follow local recycling and disposal regulations.

21
Q

What is reverse charging in batteries?

A

When a battery is charged with reverse polarity, potentially causing damage.

22
Q

What is the typical lifespan of a lithium-ion battery?

A

Around 2-3 years or 300-500 charge cycles.

23
Q

What is internal resistance in a battery?

A

Resistance within the battery that affects efficiency and performance.

24
Q

What are some signs of a failing battery?

A

Reduced capacity, leakage, swelling, or corrosion.

25
Q

What is a common voltage for AA batteries>

26
Q

What is the purpose of a battery terminal?

A

To provide an electrical connection point for the circuit.

27
Q

What is a battery’s self-discharge rate?

A

The rate at which a battery loses charge when not in use.

28
Q

What are typical applications of lead-acid batteries?

A

Automotive starting, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and backup systems.

29
Q

What is the main advantage of lithium-ion batteries?

A

High energy density and low self-discharge rate.

30
Q

How do you test a battery’s health?

A

Measure its voltage, capacity, and internal resistance.