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VETS1060 > Basis of Life > Flashcards

Basis of Life Flashcards

1
Q

3 Domains

A

Eubacteria, Archaea, Eukaryotes

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2
Q

Life arose from pre-existing life

A

Biogenesis

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3
Q

Life arose from non-life

A

Abiogenesis

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4
Q

Clade of Eukaryote with flagella, highly modified mitochondria,

A

Flagellates (Excauata)

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5
Q

Flagellate, lacks mitochondria, anaerobic, mainly symbiotic

A

Diplomonadida

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6
Q

Flagellate, intestinal parasite of humans + domestic animals, from contaminated water, causes diarrhoea.

A

Giardia

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7
Q

Flagellate, true lost mitochondria, have hydrogenosomes (for modified anaerobic metabolism), many flagella, always symbiotic/parasitic

A

Parabasalida

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8
Q

Flagellate, STD in humans + cows, direct transmission, effect female repro. system.

A

Trichomonas

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9
Q

Flagellate, mitochondria has large circular DNA body (kinetoplast)

A

Kinetoplastids

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10
Q

Obligate parasites, use apical complex to invade cells

A

Apicomplexa

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11
Q

Apicomplexa, invades RBC in cattle via cattle tick in QLD

A

Babesia

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12
Q

Use cilia to move, dual nucleus (micro + macro), use conjugation + cell division

A

Ciliates

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13
Q

Ciliates are very important part of the…

A

Rumen

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14
Q

Move by cytoplasmic flow through projections (pseudopodia), use pseudopodia to catch prey

A

Amoebae

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15
Q

Photosynthetic, some multicellular some unicellular (some colonial), major autotrophs.

A

Algae

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16
Q

Have single posterior flagella

A

Opisthokonts

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17
Q

Opisthokonts, feed of water currents, closest relative to animals

A

Choanaflagellate

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18
Q

Apicomplexan, invades RBC, haemolysis, fever, coma + death

A

Malaria

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19
Q

Apicomplexan, livestock virus (intensive), associated with stress + overcrowding

A

Coccidiosis

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20
Q

Flagellate, human + domestic animals, via tsetse fly, invades CNS.

A

African Trypanosomiasis

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21
Q

Prokaryote, thick peptidoglycan, single-cell membrane, purple

A

Gram-positive

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22
Q

Prokaryote, thin peptidoglycan, lipopolysaccahride, bilayer membrane, pink

A

Gram-negative

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23
Q

Shape of prokaryotes

A

Bacillus, coccus, coccobacillus, spirochaete

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24
Q

Prokaryote, lacks cell wall, smallest autonomous organism, simple structure, resistant to lysis

A

Mycoplasma

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25
Q

Mixed communities of bacterium on a fixed matrix, metabolic collaboration, resistant to removal

A

Biofilm

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26
Q

Have a rigid cell wall made of chitin

A

Fungi

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27
Q

branching extension from fungi spores, increase S.A and reach fungi cannot move

A

Hyphae

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28
Q

Two basic arrangements of Fungi

A

Branching (hyphae), single cell

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29
Q

Mat of entwining hyphae

A

Mycelium

30
Q

Branching structures produced by yeast for reproduction

A

pseudohyphae

31
Q

Process of fungi sexual reproduction

A

Plasmogamy, Karyogamy, meiosis, spore

32
Q

2 haploid cells fuse forming a dikaryotic stage, 2 haploid nuclei in 1 cell

A

Plasmogamy

33
Q

Haploid nucleus fuse to form a diploid zygote nucelus

A

karyogamy

34
Q

sexual stage of a fungi

A

teleomorph

35
Q

asexual stage of a fungi

A

Anamorph

36
Q

Fungi which form microscopic fruiting bodies

A

mould

37
Q

Fungi which produce macroscopic fruiting bodies

A

mushrooms

38
Q

Single-cell fungi, (Can look like bacterial growth in cultures)

A

Yeast

39
Q

Ways fungi cause disease

A

Invasive pathogen, toxins which are ingested, hypersensitivity/allergy

40
Q

Fungal infections of the skin, nail or hair

A

Dermatophytes

41
Q

Fungal infection beneath the skin

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

42
Q

Fungal infection of the body

A

Systemic mycoses

43
Q

Resident Microbial in the body commensal/mutualistic

A

Indigenous microbiota

44
Q

Causes of opportunistic infection by indigenous microbiata

A

Lowered host immunity, disturbance of normal flora, change in natural habitat.

45
Q

Indigenous microbiota, synthesises vitamin K in the intestine, breaks down food + food absorption

A

Escherichia Coli

46
Q

Hypersecetory diarrhea in calve, lambs, pigs and humans leads to dehydration + acidosis

A

Enteretoxingenic E. Coli

47
Q

Pathogen in herbivores, prevents phagocytosis, leads to edema + tissue damage

A

Bacillus anthracis

48
Q

Pathogen, which has toxins which act on neuromuscular junction, prevents acetylcholine, leads to flaccid paralysis

A

Botulism

49
Q

Metazoan, lack true tissue, loose complex of cells in a gelatinous matrix, simplest animal

A

Parazoa (porifera)

50
Q

Metazoan, separated into two clades based on symmetry (radial vs dorsal)

A

Eumetazoa (radiata + bilateria)

51
Q

Hydras used as model

A

tissue regeneration and asexual reproduction

52
Q

Benefit of bilateral symmetry

A

Allowed for cephalization

53
Q

Formation of a head region

A

cephalization

54
Q

benefit of multiple germ layers

A

Allows for space to differentiate

55
Q

3 Clades under Bilateria

A

Lophotrochozoa, Ecdysozoa, deuterostomia

56
Q

Flatworms, acoelomate (no body cavity), no circulatory system, simple gut w/ no anus.

A

Platyhelminthes

57
Q

4 major classes of platyhelminthes

A

Turbellaria, Monogenea, Tremataoda, Cestoda

58
Q

Use of Planaria (Platyhelminthes) as model

A

Regeneration + stem cell

59
Q

Platyhelminthes, obligate parasite, adult live in intestine of vertebrates, attach to mucosal wall by suckers and feed on mucus, fluid and blood. Significant veterinary importance

A

Trematoda, flukes

60
Q

Fluke in sheep, cattle + other grazers, effects liver, result in death

A

Fasciola Hepatica (liver fluke)

61
Q

Blood fluke of humans + domestic animals, active entry in host (via skin + ingestion), 2nd most important parasite after malaria

A

Schistosomes

62
Q

Platyhelminthes, parasite of small intestine (high nutrient enviro.), no mouth, gut or anus, nutrients absorbed through body surface, replicates in evergrowing chain, significant veterinary importance

A

Cestoda (tapeworms)

63
Q

Has a shedding exoskeleton

A

Ecdysozoans

64
Q

Mostly microscopic, non-segmented, cylindrical body, tapered ends, complete gut (mouth + anus), body wall lined with thick cuticle, sheds exoskeleton.

A

Nematoda (roundworms)

65
Q

Use of Caenorhabaitis Elgans as model

A

1st multicellular organism to have full genome sequences

66
Q

Roundworm, blood feeder, major pathogen in sheep, resistant to anthelmintics treatment

A

Barber pole worm (haemonchus contortus)

67
Q

Group of arthropods with chelicerae for grasping food (fang/pincer like), have palps for sensing + feeding

A

Chelicerates

68
Q

Group of arthropods with mandibles for chewing

A

Mandibulates

69
Q

Arachnid, external parasites, heavy blood feeders, use saliva when feeding and can act as vectors.

A

Ticks (acarines)

70
Q

Arachnid, lives on burrows in the skin, transmitted through contact

A

Scabies mites

71
Q

Non-permanent ectoparasite, muscular hind legs, adults are blood feeders, can cause physical damage or acts as vectors or intermediate hosts of parasites.

A

Fleas

72
Q

Permanent ectoparasite, wingless grips to hair, species-specific, lead to skin damage or anemia, vectors or intermediate hosts.

A

lice

VETS1060 (1 decks)

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