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Biology > Basis for grouping organisms > Flashcards

Basis for grouping organisms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the science that deals with the study of the units of biodiversity putting special emphasis on the discovery of species,
reconstructing evolutionary patterns and
building classifications

A

Systematics

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2
Q

the science that deals specifically on the classification, identification and nomenclature of organisms

A

Taxonomy

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3
Q

CRITERIA TO CLASSIFY ORGANISMS

A

Morphology
Embryology
Comparative Anatomy
Genetics and Molecular Biology

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4
Q

Deals with studying the form and structure of microorganisms as well as their specific structural features

A

Morphology

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5
Q

involves the division of the animal through a sagittal plane, resulting in two
mirror images, right and left halves

A

Bilateral symmetry

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6
Q

the arrangement of body parts around a central axis

A

Radial symmetry

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7
Q

Germ layers include ___, ____, and ____

A

ectoderm, endoderm, endoderm

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8
Q

The germ layer which forms the outer surface of the embryo

A

ectoderm

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9
Q

The germ layer which forms the
inner surface lining the gut cavity

A

endoderm

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10
Q

The germ layer which forms a layer
in between the other two in most
groups

A

mesoderm

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11
Q

gives rise to the lining of the digestive tract (including the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas), as well as to the lining of the trachea, bronchi, and lungs of the respiratory tract, along with a few other structures

A

endoderm

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12
Q

gives rise to all muscle tissues (including the cardiac tissues and muscles of the intestines), connective tissues such as the
skeleton and blood cells, and most other visceral organs such as the kidneys and the spleen

A

mesoderm

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13
Q

develops into the outer epithelial covering of the body surface, the central nervous system, and a few other structures

A

ectoderm

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14
Q

those that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor

A

Homologous structures

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15
Q

those that are similar in
unrelated organisms

A

Analogous structures

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16
Q

Organisms with fairly similar
anatomical features are assumed
to be relatively closely related
evolutionarily and they are likely
to share a common ancestor

A

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

17
Q

essential tool that helps
determine evolutionary
relationships between organisms
and whether or not they share
common ancestors

A

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY

18
Q

In the 70s, _____ and his collaborator
________ used the small subunit ribosomal
RNA of different organisms to create a tree
that is genetics based.

A

Carl Woese; George Fox

19
Q

showed that archaebacteria were significantly different from other bacteria
and eukaryotes in terms of this rRNA sequence

A

Genetic analysis

20
Q

a Swedish botanist, published a system for classifying organisms in the 1700s which became the basis for the modern classification systems

A

Carl Linnaeus

21
Q

hierarchy of groupings

A

taxa

22
Q

a method of naming organisms giving them unique twoword Latin name, a genus and a species name

A

Binomial nomenclature

23
Q

Founder of taxonomy

A

Carl Linnaeus

24
Q

The two-kingdom classification
system was introduced in ____ by
_______

A

1735, Linnaeus

25
Q

Two – Kingdom System

A

Animalia for animals and
Plantae for plants

26
Q

_____, a German zoologist,
introduced the three-kingdom system in the ___

A

Ernst Haeckel; 1860s

27
Q

Added kingdom in the Three – Kingdom System

A

Protista

28
Q

In ____, _____ suggested a fourth kingdom,

A

1956; Herbert Copeland

29
Q

Added kingdom in the four – Kingdom System

A

kingdom Monera, which was composed of the prokaryotes (bacteria and blue-green algae)

30
Q

Five – Kingdom System introduced by ______, an
American taxonomist in ____

A

Robert Whittaker; 1969

31
Q

Added kingdom in the Five– Kingdom System

A

Fungi

32
Q

Three – Domain System - was by whom?

A

Carl Woese and his colleagues in 1990

33
Q

System was adopted when it was observed that some prokaryotes differed from other prokaryotes as they did from eukaryotes

A

Three – Domain System

34
Q
A

Biology (5 decks)

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