Basics W1

Question 1

Benefits of sexual reproduction

Answer 1

Genetic diversity
Adapt to chnages - adaptive evolution - survival of fittest

Question 2

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 2

More time and more energy dependent

Question 3

Benefits of asexual reproduction

Answer 3

Time efficient
Population expands rapidly
Less energy
No mate required

Question 4

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 4

Genetically same offspring
Population not resilient to changes

Question 5

How is posterior lobe of pituitary gland formed

Answer 5

Downgrowth of neuroectoderm from base of brain

Question 6

How is anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Answer 6

Upgrowth of buccal ectoderm from roof of mouth

Question 7

What is sella turcica

Answer 7

Bone cavity in base of brain case where pituitary gland

Question 8

How does hypothalamus communicate with the anterior lobe

Answer 8

Specialised neurovascular link - parvocellular peptidergic neurones

Question 9

How does hypothalamus communicate with posterior pituitary

Answer 9

Magnocellular neurones- direct neural innervation of posterior pituitary

Question 10

Describe parvocellular hypothalamic neurones

Answer 10

5 types each controlling different endocrine cell type
Each secretes different neuropeptide
Neurones terminate in median eminence in close proximity to prinary capillary plexus
Stimulatory action on ANT pit

Question 11

Describe GnRH and it’s neuroendocrine regulation

Answer 11

Parvocellular neurones terminate at primary capillary plexus which are blood vessels. These branch into secondary blood vessels inside the ant pit where the gonadotrope had the GnRH receptor type is located

Question 12

Embryologicsl origin of GnRH neurones

Answer 12

GnRH neurones precursors begin in olfactory placode and migrate to hypothalamus

Question 13

Why does GNRH firing need to be synchronised

Answer 13

Generate discrete pulsation of GnRH to stimulate release of LH and FSH as continuous exposure down regulates receptors