Basics to get started

Question 1

Differentiation

Answer 1

How do cells become different

from one another and from their precursors?

Question 2

Morphogenesis

Answer 2

How the ordered form is

generated?

Question 3

Growth

Answer 3

How is size regulated?

Question 4

Reproduction

Answer 4

How does one generation create

another generation?

Question 5

Evolution

Answer 5

How do changes in developmental processes create new anatomical structures?)

Question 6

Epigenesis

Answer 6

The theory, now generally held, that an embryo develops progressively from an undifferentiated egg cell.

Question 7

Ectoderm

Answer 7

Gives rise to the epidermis, nervous system, and pigment cells.

Question 8

Mesoderm

Answer 8

Generates the kidneys, gonads, bones, heart, and blood cells.

Question 9

Endoderm

Answer 9

Forms the lining of the digestive tube and the respiratory system

Question 10

Homologous structures

Answer 10

Those organs whose similarity is due to their

sharing a common ancestral structure

Question 11

Analogous structures

Answer 11

Those organs whose similarity
comes from their serving a similar function (but which are not derived from a common ancestral
structure)

Question 12

Fertilization

Answer 12

The fusion of genetic material from the two gametes the sperm and the egg

Question 13

Embryogenesis

Answer 13

The stages of development between fertilization and hatching

Question 14

Major stages of animal development

Answer 14

Gametogenesis,
Fertilization
Cleavage
Gastrulation
Organogenesis
Larval Stages
Maturity

Question 15

Cleavage

Answer 15

Series of extremely rapid
mitotic divisions wherein the enormous volume of zygote cytoplasm is divided into numerous
smaller cells. These cells are called blastomeres, and by the end of cleavage, they generally form
a sphere known as a blastula.

Question 16

Gastrulation

Answer 16

After the rate of mitotic division has slowed down, the blastomeres undergo dramatic
movements wherein they change their positions relative to one another. The embryo is said to be in the gastrula stage. As a result of gastrulation, the embryo contains three germ layers: the ectoderm, the endoderm, and the mesoderm.

Question 17

Organogenesis

Answer 17

Once the three germ layers are established, the cells interact with one another and rearrange
themselves to produce tissues and organs.

Many organs contain cells from more than one germ layer, and it is not unusual for the outside of an organ to be derived from one layer and the inside from another. For example, the outer layer of skin comes
from the ectoderm, while the inner layer (the dermis) comes from the mesoderm. Also during
organogenesis, certain cells undergo long migrations from their place of origin to their final
location. These migrating cells include the precursors of blood cells, lymph cells, pigment cells,
and gametes. Most of the bones of our face are derived from cells that have migrated ventrally
from the dorsal region of the head.

Question 18

Germ cells

Answer 18

The gametes and their precursor cells

They are set aside for reproductive function

Question 19

Somatic cells

Answer 19

All other cells