Basics of surgery Flashcards
1
Q
Prefix: laparo-
A
Abdomen
2
Q
Prefix: Thoraco
A
Chest
3
Q
Prefix: Colo
A
Colon
4
Q
Prefix: Cysto-
A
Bladder
5
Q
Prefix: Gastro-
A
Stomach
6
Q
Prefix: mammo-
A
Breast
7
Q
Prefix: Masto-
A
Breast
8
Q
Prefix: Myo-
A
Muscle
9
Q
Prefix- Nephro-
A
Kidney
10
Q
Prefix: Pneumo-
A
Lung
11
Q
Prefix: Orchid-
A
Testicle
12
Q
Prefix: Rhino-
A
Nose
13
Q
Prefix: Lobo-
A
Lobe
14
Q
Suffix: -otomy
A
Surgically cutting open
15
Q
Suffix: -oscopy
A
Viewing with scope/keyhole surgery
16
Q
Suffix: -ectomy
A
Removal
17
Q
Suffix: -plasty
A
Changing shape
18
Q
Suffix: -pexy
A
Fixing in place
19
Q
Suffix: -centesis
A
Puncturing with needle
20
Q
Suffix: -ostomy
A
Creating new opening
21
Q
Suffix: -itis
A
Inflammation
22
Q
Suffix: -algia
A
Pain
23
Q
Suffix: -gram
A
Recording/imaging
24
Q
Adhesion
A
Scar-like tissue inside the body that bind surfaces together
25
Fistula
Abnormal connection between 2 epithelial surfaces
26
Tenesmus
Sensation of needing to open bowels without being able to produce stools (often accompanied by pain)
27
Hemicolectomy
removing portion of the intestine
28
Hartmann's
Aka proctosigmoidectomy: removal of rectosigmoid colon + closure of the anorectal stump and formation of a colostomy
29
Anterior resection
Removal of rectum
30
Whipple
Aka pancreaticoduodenectomy: removal of the head of the pancreas, duodenum, gallbladder and bile duct
https://www.google.com/search?q=whipple&sxsrf=ALiCzsaWpoKu_fs5wG_k00HiJy5MUo-7yw:1661865452912&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiU2PCf0-75AhVhm1wKHYX0BpsQ_AUoAXoECAIQAw&biw=1280&bih=720&dpr=2
31
Upper abdominal surgery scars
i) Kocher
ii) Chevron/rooftop
iii) Mercedes Benz
i) open cholecystectomy
ii) liver transplant, Whipple procedure, pancreatic surgery or upper GI surgery
iii) liver transplant
32
Abdominal organ surgery
i) Midline
ii) Paramedian
iii) Hockey-stick incision
i) for a general laparotomy, allows good access to abdominal organs
ii) laparotomy (midline usually used instead)
iii) renal transplant
33
Appendix surgery
i) Battle incision (paramedian)
ii) Gridiron incision / McBurney incision (oblique)
iii) Lanz incision (transverse)
iv) Rutherford Morrison incision (extended version of gridiron)
i) open appendicectomy
ii) open appendicectomy
iii) open appendicectomy
iv) open appendicectomy and colectomy
https://www.google.com/search?q=abdominal+incisions&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwih0t_81e75AhUKphoKHVrjAvMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=abdominal+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgoIABCxAxCDARBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgoIABCxAxCDARBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDOgQIIxAnOgYIABAeEAg6CAgAEIAEELEDOgsIABCABBCxAxCDAToICAAQsQMQgwE6BQgAEIAEOgcIABCxAxBDOgcIIxDqAhAnUKASWNzfY2Dg5GNoEXAAeAeAAbIEiAHDT5IBCjItMTIuOC43LjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABCrgBA8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=yBAOY6HOIIrMatrGi5gP&bih=720&biw=1280#imgrc=plnjno8Ktz588M
34
Cesarean section
i) Pfannenstiel
ii) Joel-Cohen
i) curved incision two fingers width above the pubic symphysis
ii) straight incision that is slightly higher (this is the recommended incision)
35
Laparoscopic surgery
several 5-10mm incisions to allow the cameras and instruments to be inserted into the abdomen via port sites. A site just above or below the umbilicus is usually used as a port site.
36
Diathermy
- high-frequency electrical current to cut through tissues or to cauterise small blood vessels to stop bleeding
- Localised burning + minimal bleeding
37
Types of diathermy
Monopolar - current passes between grounding plate and instrument
- small/large operations
Bipolar - current passes between 2 electrodes
- microsurgery (e.g. hand) or if patient has pacemaker (current does not pass through body)
38
Types of sutures
Absorbable - Vicryl and monocryl --> subcutaneous tissue
Non-absorbable - silk, nylon, polypropylene
- Closing skin, tendons (slow growth) and tubes in place
39
Skin closure techniques (5)
- Staples: need removing later
- Interrupted sutures: series of individual knots
- Mattress sutures: series of individual sutures that each go from one side of the wound, under and out the other side, then back under again to the original side
- Continuous sutures: go around in spiral
- Subcuticular: single absorbable suture side to side just below the skin to pull the skin edges together
https://www.google.com/search?q=types+of+suture+techniques&sxsrf=ALiCzsaBbve374cS8vhz6C_3DmCFVWQ-7w:1662037817814&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXpO-t1fP5AhUPT8AKHZ96BVUQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1280&bih=720&dpr=2#imgrc=unPu8Opkxwh47M
40
Drain
tubes left inside body cavities to allow air and fluid to drain away, usually into a bottle beside the bed
41
When to remove drain
When they stop draining (or are draining very little) and it is assumed whatever has been drained will no longer build up if the drain is removed.
42
Chest drains
- provide a method of removing air and fluid from the pleural space
43
How to prevent backflow of air into pleural space
- external end of the drain is placed underwater, creating a seal to prevent air from flowing back through the drain into the chest.
- Air can exit the chest cavity and bubble through the water, but the water prevents air from re-entering the drain and chest.
- During normal respiration the water in the drain will rise and fall due to changes in pressure in the chest (described as “swinging”).
44
WHO safety checklist stages
1. Before the induction of anaesthesia
2. Before the first skin incision
3. Before the patient leaves theatre
