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Year 5 - Surgery > Basics of surgery > Flashcards

Basics of surgery Flashcards

1
Q

Prefix: laparo-

A

Abdomen

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2
Q

Prefix: Thoraco

A

Chest

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3
Q

Prefix: Colo

A

Colon

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4
Q

Prefix: Cysto-

A

Bladder

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5
Q

Prefix: Gastro-

A

Stomach

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6
Q

Prefix: mammo-

A

Breast

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7
Q

Prefix: Masto-

A

Breast

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8
Q

Prefix: Myo-

A

Muscle

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9
Q

Prefix- Nephro-

A

Kidney

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10
Q

Prefix: Pneumo-

A

Lung

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11
Q

Prefix: Orchid-

A

Testicle

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12
Q

Prefix: Rhino-

A

Nose

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13
Q

Prefix: Lobo-

A

Lobe

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14
Q

Suffix: -otomy

A

Surgically cutting open

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15
Q

Suffix: -oscopy

A

Viewing with scope/keyhole surgery

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16
Q

Suffix: -ectomy

A

Removal

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17
Q

Suffix: -plasty

A

Changing shape

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18
Q

Suffix: -pexy

A

Fixing in place

19
Q

Suffix: -centesis

A

Puncturing with needle

20
Q

Suffix: -ostomy

A

Creating new opening

21
Q

Suffix: -itis

A

Inflammation

22
Q

Suffix: -algia

A

Pain

23
Q

Suffix: -gram

A

Recording/imaging

24
Q

Adhesion

A

Scar-like tissue inside the body that bind surfaces together

25
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal connection between 2 epithelial surfaces

26
Q

Tenesmus

A

Sensation of needing to open bowels without being able to produce stools (often accompanied by pain)

27
Q

Hemicolectomy

A

removing portion of the intestine

28
Q

Hartmann’s

A

Aka proctosigmoidectomy: removal of rectosigmoid colon + closure of the anorectal stump and formation of a colostomy

29
Q

Anterior resection

A

Removal of rectum

30
Q

Whipple

A

Aka pancreaticoduodenectomy: removal of the head of the pancreas, duodenum, gallbladder and bile duct

https://www.google.com/search?q=whipple&sxsrf=ALiCzsaWpoKu_fs5wG_k00HiJy5MUo-7yw:1661865452912&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiU2PCf0-75AhVhm1wKHYX0BpsQ_AUoAXoECAIQAw&biw=1280&bih=720&dpr=2

31
Q

Upper abdominal surgery scars
i) Kocher
ii) Chevron/rooftop
iii) Mercedes Benz

A

i) open cholecystectomy
ii) liver transplant, Whipple procedure, pancreatic surgery or upper GI surgery
iii) liver transplant

32
Q

Abdominal organ surgery
i) Midline
ii) Paramedian
iii) Hockey-stick incision

A

i) for a general laparotomy, allows good access to abdominal organs
ii) laparotomy (midline usually used instead)
iii) renal transplant

33
Q

Appendix surgery
i) Battle incision (paramedian)
ii) Gridiron incision / McBurney incision (oblique)
iii) Lanz incision (transverse)
iv) Rutherford Morrison incision (extended version of gridiron)

A

i) open appendicectomy
ii) open appendicectomy
iii) open appendicectomy
iv) open appendicectomy and colectomy

https://www.google.com/search?q=abdominal+incisions&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwih0t_81e75AhUKphoKHVrjAvMQ2-cCegQIABAA&oq=abdominal+&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgoIABCxAxCDARBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgoIABCxAxCDARBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDMgQIABBDOgQIIxAnOgYIABAeEAg6CAgAEIAEELEDOgsIABCABBCxAxCDAToICAAQsQMQgwE6BQgAEIAEOgcIABCxAxBDOgcIIxDqAhAnUKASWNzfY2Dg5GNoEXAAeAeAAbIEiAHDT5IBCjItMTIuOC43LjKYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABCrgBA8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=yBAOY6HOIIrMatrGi5gP&bih=720&biw=1280#imgrc=plnjno8Ktz588M

34
Q

Cesarean section
i) Pfannenstiel
ii) Joel-Cohen

A

i) curved incision two fingers width above the pubic symphysis
ii) straight incision that is slightly higher (this is the recommended incision)

35
Q

Laparoscopic surgery

A

several 5-10mm incisions to allow the cameras and instruments to be inserted into the abdomen via port sites. A site just above or below the umbilicus is usually used as a port site.

36
Q

Diathermy

A
  • high-frequency electrical current to cut through tissues or to cauterise small blood vessels to stop bleeding
  • Localised burning + minimal bleeding
37
Q

Types of diathermy

A

Monopolar - current passes between grounding plate and instrument
- small/large operations
Bipolar - current passes between 2 electrodes
- microsurgery (e.g. hand) or if patient has pacemaker (current does not pass through body)

38
Q

Types of sutures

A

Absorbable - Vicryl and monocryl –> subcutaneous tissue
Non-absorbable - silk, nylon, polypropylene
- Closing skin, tendons (slow growth) and tubes in place

39
Q

Skin closure techniques (5)

A
  • Staples: need removing later
  • Interrupted sutures: series of individual knots
  • Mattress sutures: series of individual sutures that each go from one side of the wound, under and out the other side, then back under again to the original side
  • Continuous sutures: go around in spiral
  • Subcuticular: single absorbable suture side to side just below the skin to pull the skin edges together

https://www.google.com/search?q=types+of+suture+techniques&sxsrf=ALiCzsaBbve374cS8vhz6C_3DmCFVWQ-7w:1662037817814&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjXpO-t1fP5AhUPT8AKHZ96BVUQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1280&bih=720&dpr=2#imgrc=unPu8Opkxwh47M

40
Q

Drain

A

tubes left inside body cavities to allow air and fluid to drain away, usually into a bottle beside the bed

41
Q

When to remove drain

A

When they stop draining (or are draining very little) and it is assumed whatever has been drained will no longer build up if the drain is removed.

42
Q

Chest drains

A
  • provide a method of removing air and fluid from the pleural space
43
Q

How to prevent backflow of air into pleural space

A
  • external end of the drain is placed underwater, creating a seal to prevent air from flowing back through the drain into the chest.
  • Air can exit the chest cavity and bubble through the water, but the water prevents air from re-entering the drain and chest.
  • During normal respiration the water in the drain will rise and fall due to changes in pressure in the chest (described as “swinging”).
44
Q

WHO safety checklist stages

A
  1. Before the induction of anaesthesia
  2. Before the first skin incision
  3. Before the patient leaves theatre

Year 5 - Surgery (6 decks)

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