Basics of psychology Flashcards
What is classical conditioning?
Learning takes place through repeated temporal association of the events. Learning organism is passive, respondent, but not instrumental.
What is operant conditioning?
Learning results from consequences of one’s actions (operations). The learning organism actively operates on the environment
What is social learning theory?
Combines both classical and operant models of learning. Includes cognitive process and social interaction to be relevant in human learning
What is forward conditioning?
The neutral conditioned stimulus is presented before the unconditioned stimulus. Repeated until the response occurs with neutral stimulus only
What is backward conditioning?
Unconditioned stimulus is presented before the conditioned stimulus. Used in advertising eg. happy person shown, then show that they are drinking
What is simultaneous conditioning?
Unconditioned and conditioned stimulus presented together. Useful in learning eg. image & text
What is trace conditioning?
What is Ribot’s law?
During retrograde amnesia, the oldest memories are most resistant to disruption or impairment
What is reciprocal inhibition?
A behavioral principle which states that a person cannot have two opposing physiological states at the same time eg. anxiety and relaxation
What is motivated forgetting?
Catathymic amnesia - the inability to recall specific painful/traumatic memories. (Defense mechanism of repression)
What are the 5 domains of cognitive processing in social learning?
- Attention to observed behavior
- Visual image and semantic encoding of observed behaviour
- Memory permanence via retention and rehearsal
- Motor copying of the behavior and imitative reproduction
- Motivation to act
What is stimulus generalization?
The tendency for a learned response to a particular stimulus to be elicited by other similar stimuli
What is state dependent memory?
The tendency for information learnt in a particular mental/physical state to be most easily remembered in a similar state
