Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Obstetrics > Basics Of Pregnancy ➡️Infections In Pregnancy > Flashcards

Basics Of Pregnancy ➡️Infections In Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

Duration of pregnancy is?

A

9month 7days from 1st day of LMP

40 wks, 280days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Preterm and postterm delivery?

A

Preterm pregnancy less than 37 wks

Post term - pregnancy more than or equal to 42 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Term delivery is pregnancy of?

A

37 wks to 41 wks +6 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

EDD is calculated by

A

Naegele’s formula

1st day of LMP +9 MONTHS +7 DAYS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

In case of IVF EDD is calculated by

A

D3 transfer - Subtract 16 to get LMP

D5 transfer- Subtract 18 to get LMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Period of viability acc to WHO AND INDIA

A

Who - 24 wks

India -28 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is gravida and parity

A

Gravida is total number of time female conceive, irrespective of outcome
Present preg is included

Parity is number of past pregnancy that have gone beyond pd of viability
Present preg not included

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Method of writing gravida and parity

A 
GTPAL 
GRAVIDA 
TERM
PRETERM  20-36 WKS +6 DAYS
ABORTION <20 WKS
NUMBER OF LIVING CHILDREN
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Minimal ANC Visit acc to WHO AND INDIA

IDEAL ANC VISITS?

A

MINIMUM
INDIA -4
WHO-8
IDEAL 12-15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Investigation to be done during antenatal visits

A 
Blood grp
Urinalysis-dipstick
Hiv 
Hbsag vdrl 
Pap smear
Cbc 
Blood sugar -DIPSI 
trisomy 
Grp Bstreptococcal screening 
Usg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What to do to test for group B streptococcal screening
Why is this screening performed
What if screening is positive

A

Rectovaginal swab at 35-37 wks
Culture and sensitivity
To prevent neonatal sepsis

Screening positive- IV penicillin at active labour
If allergic cephazolin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dating scan in pregnancy is done at?

A

6-8 wks of pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Imaging finding of ectopic pregnancy

A

Empty uterine cavity, gestational sac in tube

Doppler- ring of fire pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Snow storm appearance in usg is seen in

A

Molar pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Abortion is said on imaging when

A

Mean sac diameter- more than 25 mm( blighted ovum)
Crown rump length more than equal to 7 mm
No cardiac activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Scan for downs syndrome and when it is done

A

Nuchal translucency scan

11-13 wks +6 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Level 2 scan or booking scan is done for and at?

A

At 18-20 wks

For targeted imaging for fetal anomalies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Parameter for growth scan and when is it performed

A

Abdominal circumference

30-32 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Signs of pregnancy early signs- upto 8 wks of preg

A

Goodell -softening of cervix
Hegar- softening of lower part of uterus
Osiander- pulsation in lateral fornix of vagina
Piskacek - assymetrical growth of uterus in early pregnancy
Chadwick/Jacquemier- Bluish discoloration of vagina and cervix
Palmer’s- regular, rhythmic contraction of uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Absolute signs of pregnancy

A

Fetal movement
Fetal heart sound
Usg
Xray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is quickening

A

Perception of first fetal movement by mother
In primi - 18 wks
In multi -16 wks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

FHS is heard at

A

18-20 wks by steth

10 wks by doppler

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

All _____ vaccines are contraindicated in pregnancy

All ________ vaccine can be given in pregnancy

A

Live

Killed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Essential vaccine during pregnancy

A

Td -Tetanus+Diphtheria
2 doses, 1month apart
1st dose -1st AN visit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Contraindicated vaccine during pregnancy

A 
Mumps 
Measels 
Rubella 
BCG
Small pox
Chicken pox 
HPV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pregnancy upto 1 month after vaccination is contraindicated in which vaccine

A 
Mumps 
Measels 
Rubella 
BCG
Small pox
Chicken pox 
HPV
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Vaccine given only if pregnant female is travelling to an endemic area

A

Yellow fever
Polio
Cholera
Typhoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Vaccine which are safe during pregnancy

A 
Hep A& B
Meningooccal
Pneumococcal
Rabies 
Flu
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Weight gain in pregnancy

A

11-12.5 kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Factors affecting weight gain

A

Pre pregnant weight
Socioeconomic status
Parity
Ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Factor which doesn’t affect maternal weight gain

A

Smoking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Pre pregnancy BMI of woman was less than 19

Recommended wt gain should be

A

Thin

12.5 -18 kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Pre pregnancy BMI of woman was more than 30

Recommended wt gain should be

A

Obese

Recommended wt gain less than 7kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Total calories needed in entire pregnancy

A

80,000kcal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Extra calories required per day by a pregnant woman

And lactating woman

A

350 kcal /day

600 kcal/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Calories required in 1st trimester

A

No additional calories required in 1 st trimester

Only 2&3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Amt of water Na K retained in pregnancy

A

Water -6. 5L
Na 1000mEq
K 300 mEq

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Cause of water retention in pregnancy

Its manifestation

A

Increased estrogen

Physiological pitting edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Pregnancy is a anabolic/catabolic state??

BMR INCREASES /DECREASE by 10-20 %?

A

Anabolic state

Bmr increases by 10-20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

O2 consumption in pregnancy and labour

A

Pregnancy increases by 20 %

Labor by 40-%60

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Calcium requirement of mother at term

Calcitonin, Vit D, PTH levels are?

A

30g of Ca
Increased
Pth hormone increases late in pregnancy and decrease early in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Vit D requirement in pregnancy

Calcium requirement

A

10mcg(400IU/day)

1200mg/day

43
Q

Insulin resistance in pregnancy is due to

A

Human placental lactogen mainly

Others estrogen, progesterone, cortisol

44
Q

Glucose is transported across placenta through?

A

Facilitated diffusion using GLUT3&1

PREGNANCY IS A DIABETOGENIC STATE

45
Q

Glycosuria in pregnancy is physiological?
Proteinuria in pregnancy is physiological?
When is lactosuria physiological

A

Yes
No proteinuria is always pathological
Lactosuria is physiological during breast feeding

46
Q

Skin changes in pregnancydue to estrogen

A 
Linea nigra
Striae gravidarum 
Chloasma gravidarum
Striae albicans
Spider nevi 
Palmar erythema
47
Q

Skin changes in pregnancy due to progesterone

A

Basal body temperature in pregnancy in increased due to progesterone

48
Q

Size and weight of breast during pregnancy is increased due to

A

Increased fat due to insulin
Increased alveoli due to progesterone
Increased ducts due to estrogen

49
Q

Other changes in breast during pregnancy

A

Hyperpigmentation
Appearance of secondary areola
Montgomery tubercle appear

50
Q

Diff bw colostrum and breast milk

A

K potassium
F fat
C carbs
Are less in colostrum as compared to breast milk

51
Q

Vitamin lacking in breast milk

A

Vit K

52
Q

Hormone responsible for milk ejection/ galactokinesis

A

Oxytocin - causes contraction of myoepithelial cells of alveoli

53
Q

Two factor for milk production

A

Prolactin

Suckling by neonate

54
Q

Prolactin levels in non pregnant female

A

15ng/m

55
Q

Prolactin levels in pregnant female

Maximum level is when

A

150 ng/ml

At labor

56
Q

Effect of estrogen on prolactin levels during pregnancy

A

Increased levels of prolactin by positive effect on lactotrope
Decrease activity of prolactin by negative effect

57
Q

Effect of estrogen on prolactin levels after delivery

A

Decreased estrogen leads to decrease levelof prolactin but increased activity of prolactin leading to milk production

58
Q

Changes in respiratory system in pregnancy

A

2cm-transverse diameter of chest increases by 2
4cm-diaphragm is pushed by gravid uterus by 4
6cm-circumference of chest increases by 6

59
Q

Subcostalangle of non pregnant vs pregnant

A

68 degree

103 degree

60
Q

Parameters increasing in pregnancy

Parameters remaining unchanged in pregnancy

A

Increasing
Inspiratory capacity
Tidal volume
Minute ventilation

Remain unchanged
Inspiratory reserve volume
Respiratory rate
Vital capacity

61
Q

Mechanism of compensatory metabolic acidosis in pregnancy

A 
Functional residual capacity decrease
Air trapped in lungs increases
Blood CO2 level decrease 
Respiratory alkalosis
Compensatory excretion of bicarbonate by kidney
62
Q

Bohr effect seen in pregnancy

A

O2 binding capacity of blood increases due to decrease bicarbonate
O2 carrying capacity of blood increases
O2 consumption increases

63
Q

Action of progesterone leads to which changes in pregnancy

A

It is smooth muscle relaxant
LES relaxed, GI reflux increases
GB motility decrease
GI motility normal in anc, decrease in labor

64
Q

Treatment of vomiting in pregnancy

Cause of vomiting

A 
HcG is cause of vomiting
Tt
Doxylamine + pyridoxine 2 tab bedtime
Or 
Hyoscine
65
Q

How to diagnose Hyperemesis gravidarum

A

Non physiological vomiting
Wt loss more than 5% if pre pregnancy wt
Ketosis
Vital unstable

66
Q

Cause of Hyperemesis gravidarum

Clinical features

A

Due to excessive hcg, estrogen, progesterone
Excessive hcg in twins, downs, molar preg, rh negative preg

Clinical features
Metabolic alkalosis
Hypokalemia
Ketosis

67
Q

Complications of Hyperemesis gravidarum

A

Lft abnormal
Wernicke encephalopathy due to thiamine deficiency
Vit K deficiency

68
Q

Scoring system in Hyperemesis gravidarum

Treatment

A 
Mother Puqe scoring
Rhodes index
Tt
Nil per oral
Iv fluid
Antihistamines - promethazine
Dopamine antagonist metoclopramide
69
Q

Anatomical changes in renal system-

A

Size of kidney increases by 1cm
Urinary stasis due to progesterone
Hydroureter ,more on rt side due to dextrorotation of uterus,
baldder mucosa congested

70
Q

Anatomical changes in renal system-

A

Size of kidney increases by 1cm
Urinary stasis due to progesterone
Hydroureter ,more on rt side due to dextrorotation of uterus,
baldder mucosa congested

71
Q

Physiological changes in renal system

A

RBF⬆️
GFR⬆️
Increased excretion of urea uric acid creatinine
Decrease serum urea, uric acid creatinine

72
Q

Mc organ involved in PIH
Gfr in PIh increases or decrease?
Mcc of uti in pregnancy
Asymptomatic bacteuria can lead to __________

A

Kidney
GFR DECREASE IN PIH
E coli
Preterm labor and pyelonephritis

73
Q

Antibiotics of uti

A

Doc

Nitrofurantoin 100mg BD for 3days

74
Q

Sheehan syndrome

A

Pituitary size increases by 125% during pregnancy, after delivery if there is pph, ant pituitary necrosis occurs k a SHEEHAN SYNDROME

75
Q

All enzyme are decrease in pregnancy except

A

Alkaline phosphatase

76
Q

In pregnancy alkaline phosphatase is synthesized by

A

Liver and placenta (placenta producesheat stable alp)

77
Q

Cholestasis of pregnancy is aka

A

Recurring jaundice of pregnancy/icterus gravidarum

78
Q

Mcc of jaundice in pregnancy

A

Viral hepatitis

79
Q

Mc symptoms of cholestasis of pregnancy

A

Pruritis in palms and sole

80
Q

Best investigation, T/T of cholestasis

A

Increase bile acid
Alp increase
Ast alt increase

Doc ursodeoxycholic acid

81
Q

Yellow necrosis of liver is other name for

A

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

82
Q

Mc cause of liver failure in pregnancy

A

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy

83
Q

Pathogenesis and symptoms of acute fatty liver of pregnancy

A

Long chain hydroxyacyl dehydrogenase deficiency in male fetus
Leads to accumulation of long chain fatty acid in mother’s liver

Symptoms
Hypoglycemia 
Encephalopathy due to ammonia
Ascites
Pulmonary edema 
Hemoconcentration 
Dic hepatorenal syndrome
Upi
84
Q

HelLP syndrome

A 
Tennessee criteria
Hemolysis 
LDH more than 600 IU/L
Elevated liver enzymes
Sgot sgpt 70 IU/L
Low platelet
Less than 1 lakh
85
Q

Mgt of
HeLLP
AFLP
Cholestasis

A

HeLLP
MgSo4 and antihypertensive
Immediate termination of pregnancy
If more than 34 wks give steroid and terminate after 48 hrs

AFLP
Immediate termination of pregnancy even If more than 34 wks

Cholestasis
Termination after 37 wks

86
Q

Mc hepatitis in pregnancy
Most fulminant hepatitis in pregnancy
Max maternal mortality is with ?

A

Hep B
HepE
HepE

87
Q

Marker for infectivity and vertical transmission in viral hepatitis
Doc

A

HbeAg

Tenofovir

88
Q

All parameters of iron metabolism decrease in pregnancy except

A

Serum transferrin
TIBC
Increase

89
Q

Hepcidin level _____⬆️⬇️? In pregnancy

A

Decrease

As it aids in iron transfer into maternal circulation

90
Q

Total iron needed in pregnancy

RDA of iron in pregnancy

A

1000 mg
40-60 mg /day
Only 10% is absorbed

91
Q

AMB iron dosage and schedule

A

Elemental iron 60 mg
Folic acid 50mcg
Started from 4th month of pregnancy continue till 6 month after delivery

92
Q

For pt planning pregnancy dose of IFA?

A

STOP IRON, ONLY FOLIC ACID GIVEN

93
Q

What is physiological and pathological anemia

A

Physio- Hb never less than 11g

Pathological Hb less than 11

94
Q

Severe and very severe anemia

A

Severe less than 7

Very severe less than 4

95
Q

Mcc of anemia in pregnancy
Most sensitive rbc index
Most sensitive ans earliest marker of iron def

A

Iron deficiency anemia

Mchc less than 30%

S. Ferritin decrease

96
Q

Treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy
Increase of Hb
First parameter to increase after giving iron

A

2IFA TABLET /DAY
AFTER 3 WKS AT 0.7g/dl/wk
Reticulocyte count

97
Q

Treatment of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy
Increase of Hb
First parameter to increase after giving iron

A

2IFA TABLET /DAY
AFTER 3 WKS AT 0.7g/dl/wk
Reticulocyte count

98
Q

Rate of increase of Hb in parenteral iron therapy

A

Same as oral after 3 wk 0.7 gm/dl/wk

99
Q

Mc iron parenteral

Best iron

A

Iron sucrose

Carboxymaltose

100
Q

How to calculate dose of parenteral iron calculation

A

2.4* wt in kg*Hb deficit +500 mg (iron stores)

101
Q

Mcc anemia after bariatric surgery

A

Vit b12 deficiency

102
Q

Mc indirect cause of maternal mortality

What is dimorphic anemia

A

Anemia

Iron folic acid deficiency anemia

103
Q

Indication for blood transfusion in anemia

Increase in Hb in blood transfusion

A 
Hb less than 5 
Severe anemia in late T3 
Anemia causing heart failure
Refractory anemia
Acute hemorrhage causing hb less than 6

1 packed cell transfusion increase Hb by 1 gm%

104
Q

Indication for blood transfusion in anemia

Increase in Hb in blood transfusion

A 
Hb less than 5 
Severe anemia in late T3 
Anemia causing heart failure
Refractory anemia
Acute hemorrhage causing hb less than 6

1 packed cell transfusion increase Hb by 1 gm%

Obstetrics (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions