Basics Of Photosynthesis

Question 0

Where are the majority of chloroplasts located?

Answer 0

Leaves

Question 1

What does “photosynthetic autotroph” mean?

Answer 1

Generate their own organic matter from inorganic ingredients via photosynthesis

Question 2

Where does the green color in plants come from?

Answer 2

Pigment in chloroplast called chlorophyll

Question 3

Chlorophyll absorbs…

Answer 3

Light energy that the chloroplasts put to work in making food

Question 4

Chloroplasts are concentrated in…

Answer 4

The interior cells of leaves

Question 5

Carbon dioxide enters and oxygen exits through…

Answer 5

Tiny pores called Stomata

Question 6

Where are most stomata found?

Answer 6

On the underside of leaves

Question 7

What does photosynthesis require?

Answer 7

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 8

What is the main way in which a plant gets it’s water?

Answer 8

Mainly absorbed by roots and travels via veins to leaves

Question 9

What is stroma?

Answer 9

The thick fluid inside of the chloroplast’s inner membrane

Question 10

What are thylakoids?

Answer 10

Elaborate system of interconnected membranous sacs

Question 11

What are stacks of thylakoid called?

Answer 11

Grana

Question 12

The chlorophyll molecules that capture light energy are built into the…

Answer 12

Thylakoid membranes

Question 13

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 13

6 CO2 + 6 H2O —-> C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Question 14

Photosynthesis is not a single process, but…

Answer 14

2 processes

Question 15

What are the two stages of photosynthesis called?

Answer 15

Light reactions and the Calvin Cycle

Question 16

What do light reactions do?

Answer 16

Convert solar energy to chemical energy

Question 17

light reactions use light energy to drive the synthesis of what molecules?

Answer 17

ATP and NADPH

Question 18

What is NADPH?

Answer 18

An electron carrier

Question 19

In photosynthesis, light drives electrons from water to ______ to form ________.

Answer 19

NADP+ (the oxidized form of the carrier), NADPH (the reduced form of the carrier)

Question 20

What does the Calvin Cycle do?

Answer 20

Makes sugar from carbon dioxide

Question 21

The ATP generated by the light reactions provide the energy for…

Answer 21

Sugar synthesis

Question 22

NADPH produced by light reactions provides what for the reduction of carbon dioxide to glucose?

Answer 22

High energy electrons

Question 23

What does the Calvin cycle depend on light reactions for?

Answer 23

ATP and NADPH

Question 24

For chloroplasts to produce sugar from carbon dioxide in the dark, they would require an artificial supply of _________ and _______.

Answer 24

ATP, NADPH

Question 25

What are the primary inputs and outputs of the Calvin cycle?

Answer 25

Inputs: carbon dioxide, NADPH Output: glucose

Question 26

What is sunlight?

Answer 26

Electromagnetic energy

Question 27

What is visible light?

Answer 27

The light our eyes see as different colors

Question 28

What happens when light shines on a pigmented material?

Answer 28

Certain colors of visible light are absorbed and certain colors are reflected

Question 29

How did german botanist Theodor Elgelmann investigate how light wavelengths affect photosynthesis?

Answer 29

He laid a string of freshwater algal cells within a drop of water on a slide. He then added oxygen-sensitive bacteria to the drop. Using a prism he created a spectrum of light and shined it on the slide. His results showed that most bacteria congregated around algae exposed to red-orange and blue-violet light, with very few in the green light.

Question 30

What types of light does chlorophyll-a absorb?

Answer 30

Blue-violet and red light

Question 31

What does chlorophyll-a participate in?

Answer 31

Light reactions

Question 32

What light does chlorophyll-b absorb?

Answer 32

Blue and orange light

Question 33

What does chlorophyll-b do?

Answer 33

Broadens the range of light that a plant can use by conveying absorbed energy to chlorophyll-a

Question 34

What color of light do carotenoids absorb?

Answer 34

Blue-green

Question 35

What is carotenoids protective function?

Answer 35

They absorb and dissipate excessive light energy that would otherwise damage chlorophyll

Question 36

Where are chloroplast pigments located?

Answer 36

Built into the thylakoid membranes

Question 37

What is a photon of light?

Answer 37

A fixed quantity of light energy

Question 38

The shorter the wavelength of light, the...

Answer 38

Greater the energy of the photon

Question 39

Within the thylakoid membrane, chlorophyll is organized with other molecules into....

Answer 39

Photosystems

Question 40

What does each photosystem contain?

Answer 40

A cluster of a few hundred pigment molecules including chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids.

Question 41

What does a photosystem do?

Answer 41

Acts as a light gathering antenna- when a photon strikes one pigment molecule, the energy jumps from one molecule to the next until it arrives at the reaction center of the photosystem.

Question 42

What does the reaction center consist of?

Answer 42

A chlorophyll-a molecule that sits next to a primary electron acceptor